IP Traceroute: Otu esi achọpụta ụzọ njikọ

Kedu ihe traceroute na-eme

Ihe ngwugwu ọ bụla na-agafe na ịntanetị na-ebu oke hop - TTL (oge ibi ndụ) na IPv4, ma ọ bụ oke hop na IPv6. Onye ọ bụla rawụta nke na-ebugharị ngwugwu ahụ na-ebelata ya site na otu; mgbe ọ ruru efu, rawụta ahụ tụfuru ngwugwu ahụ wee jiri nkwanye ùgwù zighachi ozi "oge gafere".

Traceroute ngwá agha na-eji nkwanye ùgwù na-eziga: ọ na-eziga ngwugwu na TTL 1, mgbe ahụ 2, mgbe ahụ 3… Mgbe ọ bụla "oge gafere" nzaghachi na-abịa azụ na-ekpughe adreesị nke otu rawụta ọzọ n'ụzọ. Jikọọ ha ọnụ na ị ga-enweta ụzọ zuru ezu site na gị gaa ebe - na oge.

Na-eme ya na sistemụ gị

Windows - tracert

Pịa Mmeri + R, ụdị cmd, pịa Tinye, wee gbaa ọsọ:

tracert howtofindtheip.com

# Site na adreesị IP kama aha:
tracert 1.1.1.1

MacOS na Linux - traceroute

traceroute howtofindtheip.com

# macOS nwere ike ịchọ ụzọ ma ọ bụ nrụnye zuru oke:
/usr/sbin/traceroute howtofindtheip.com   # macOS
sudo apt install traceroute               # Debian/Ubuntu

Ụzọ kachasị mma - mtr

mtr (My Traceroute) na-ejikọta traceroute na ping na nlele ndụ - na-enye ihe ọmụma karịa maka ịchọpụta nhụsianya na mfu. Dị maka Linux, macOS (site na brew install mtr) na Windows (WinMTR).

mtr howtofindtheip.com
# Pịa 'q' ka ị kwụsị

Ịgụ nsonaazụ

Nsonaazụ a na-ahụkarị dị ka nke a:

 1  router.home          1.2 ms  1.0 ms  1.1 ms      # router gị
 2  isp-gw.net          12.4 ms 12.1 ms 12.3 ms      # ISP gị
 3  backbone1.net       21.0 ms 20.8 ms 21.2 ms      # netwọk mpaghara
 4  * * *                                            # rawụta nkịtị (nkịtị)
 5  edge-server.net     23.9 ms 24.1 ms 23.8 ms
 6  howtofindtheip.com  24.0 ms 23.7 ms 23.9 ms      # ebe aga

• Nọmba hop - ole ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri miri emi nke nyocha ruru.
• Aha nnabata / IP - rawụta zara (aha PTR na-egosikarị obodo ma ọ bụ ụgbọ).
• Oge atọ - oge njem njem nke atọ nyocha. Ihe dị mkpa bụ omume: mwụli elu mberede nke na-aga n'ihu na hops na-emecha na-egosikarị akụkụ nwayọ.

Nnukwu latency na mbido hops (ISP gị) na-emetụta ihe niile; nnukwu latency na-apụta n'oge n'okporo ụzọ na-abụkarị naanị mkpọchi n'akụkụ ebe a na-aga. Chọrọ ịlele aha nke otu n'ime hops ị chọtara? Tapawa IP ya n'ime anyị onye nyocha blacklist ma ọ bụ chọta ya na maapụ.

Gịnị mere hops oge pụọ

Asterisks (* * *) pụtara na router azaghị nyocha ahụ. Ọ na-adịkarị, na-adịkarịkwa adịghị emerụ ahụ:

• A na-ahazi ọtụtụ ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri ka ha leghara nyocha traceroute anya kpamkpam (mmachi ọnụego ma ọ bụ amụma nchekwa).
• Firewalls na-atụba ngwugwu UDP ma ọ bụ ICMP traceroute ojiji.
• Onye rawụta ahụ na-ebute ụzọ ibugharị karịa ịzaghachi okporo ụzọ nyocha.

Iwu nke isi mkpịsị aka: Oge nkwụsị n'etiti akara dị mma ma ọ bụrụhaala na hops na-aga n'ihu na-azaghachi. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla hop mgbe a ụfọdụ ihe ugboro pụta na ebe ikpeazụ anaghị aza, hop ahụ bụ ebe njikọ gị na-agbaji n'ezie - ozi bara uru mgbe ị na-arụrịta ụka na ahịrị nkwado ISP.

Kedu ihe kpatara na ọ nweghị weebụsaịtị nwere ike ịchọta ya ị

A na-ama ụma tinye ihe nchọgharị: Javascript enweghị ike izipu ngwugwu raw ma ọ bụ gụọ azịza ICMP traceroute chọrọ. Ihe ọ bụla "traceroute online" ị na-ahụ na-agba ọsọ site na sava ndị na-eweta ya ruo ebumnuche - bara uru, mana ọ na-atụ ụzọ dị iche karịa nke ngwaọrụ nke gị.

Ihe ị nwere ike mee na ihe nchọgharị: mata onwe gị na njedebe ụzọ gị. Chọta IP ọha gị, mgbe ahụ lelee ya reverse DNS ịhụ aha nnabata nke ISP gị kenyere ahịrị gị - otu ụdị aha traceroute na-egosi maka hop ọ bụla.