IP Traceroute: Yuav Ua Li Cas Taug Kev Sib Txuas Txoj Kev
Traceroute qhia txhua lub router koj cov ntaub ntawv hla ntawm koj lub cuab yeej thiab txhua qhov chaw - thiab qhov twg taug kev qeeb. Nov yog yuav ua li cas khiav nws ntawm txhua qhov system thiab nyeem cov ntawv tso tawm.
Dab tsi traceroute ua
Txhua pob ntawv taug kev hla hauv is taws nem muaj qhov txwv tsis pub dhia - TTL (lub sijhawm nyob) ntawm IPv4, lossis hop txwv ntawm IPv6. Txhua lub router uas xa cov pob ntawv decrements nws los ntawm ib qho; Thaum nws hits xoom, lub router poob lub pob ntawv thiab ua tib zoo xa rov qab cov lus "lub sijhawm dhau".
Traceroute riam phom zoo li no: nws xa cov pob ntawv nrog TTL 1, tom qab ntawd 2, tom qab ntawd 3... Txhua "lub sijhawm dhau" cov lus teb uas rov qab los qhia qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib qho ntxiv router raws txoj kev. Muab hlua khi lawv ua ke thiab koj tau txais txoj hauv kev los ntawm koj mus rau qhov chaw - nrog lub sijhawm.
Khiav nws ntawm koj qhov system
Windows — tracert
Xovxwm Win + R, hom cmd, ntaus Enter, ces khiav:
tracert howtofindtheip.com
# Los ntawm IP chaw nyob hloov lub npe:
tracert 1.1.1.1
macOS & Linux — traceroute
traceroute howtofindtheip.com # macOS yuav xav tau tag nrho txoj hauv kev lossis kev teeb tsa: /usr/sbin/traceroute howtofindtheip.com # macOS sudo apt install traceroute # Debian/Ubuntu
Txoj kev zoo dua - mtr
mtr (Kuv Traceroute) sib txuas cov traceroute thiab ping hauv kev pom nyob - paub ntau ntxiv rau kev kuaj mob thiab poob. Muaj rau Linux, macOS (ntawm brew install mtr) thiab Windows (WinMTR).
mtr howtofindtheip.com
# Nias 'q' kom tawm
Nyeem cov txiaj ntsig
Ib tug raug tso zis zoo li no:
1 router.home 1.2 ms 1.0 ms 1.1 ms # koj lub router 2 isp-gw.net 12.4 ms 12.1 ms 12.3 ms # koj ISP 3 backbone1.net 21.0 ms 20.8 ms 21.2 ms # regional network 4 * * * # ntsiag to router (ib txwm) 5 edge-server.net 23.9 ms 24.1 ms 23.8 ms 6 howtofindtheip.com 24.0 ms 23.7 ms 23.9 ms # qhov chaw
- Hop naj npawb - Ntau npaum li cas routers tob qhov kev sojntsuam mus txog.
- Hostname / IP - lub router uas teb (PTR cov npe feem ntau hint ntawm lub nroog lossis tus neeg nqa khoom).
- Peb lub sijhawm - lub sijhawm ncig mus ncig ntawm peb qhov kev sojntsuam. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov sib: Kev dhia tam sim ntawd txuas ntxiv mus tom qab hops feem ntau yog qhov qis qis.
Siab latency nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hops (koj ISP) cuam tshuam txhua yam; siab latency tshwm lig nyob rau hauv txoj kev yog feem ntau tsuas yog congestion nyob ze qhov chaw. Xav tshawb xyuas lub koob npe nrov ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hops koj pom? Muab nws tus IP tso rau hauv peb blacklist checker los yog nrhiav nws ntawm daim ntawv qhia.
Yog vim li cas hops lub sij hawm tawm
asterisks (* * *) txhais tau tias lub router tsis teb qhov kev sojntsuam. Feem ntau, thiab feem ntau tsis mob:
- Ntau lub routers tau teeb tsa kom tsis quav ntsej traceroute probes nkaus (tus nqi txwv lossis txoj cai ruaj ntseg).
- Firewalls tso UDP lossis ICMP pob ntawv siv traceroute.
- Lub router tseem ceeb tshaj kev xa mus dhau kev teb rau kev kuaj mob.
Txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo: timeouts nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug kab yog zoo li ntev raws li tom qab hops tseem teb. Yog tias txhua lub plhaw tom qab qee lub sijhawm tawm thiab qhov kawg lo lus uas peb yeej tsis teb, qhov hop yog qhov twg koj qhov kev sib txuas tau tawg - cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thaum sib cav nrog ISP txoj kab kev txhawb nqa.
Vim li cas tsis muaj lub vev xaib tuaj yeem taug qab koj
Lub browser yog txhob txwm sandboxed: JavaScript tsis tuaj yeem xa cov pob ntawv nyoos lossis nyeem ICMP cov lus teb traceroute xav tau. Ib qho "online traceroute" koj pom khiav los ntawm tus kws kho mob cov servers mus rau lub hom phiaj - muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis nws ntsuas txoj kev sib txawv dua li koj tus kheej lub cuab yeej.
Koj li cas ua tau ua hauv qhov browser: txheeb xyuas koj tus kheej thiab koj txoj kev kawg. Nrhiav koj tus IP pej xeem, ces saib nws rov qab DNS kom pom lub npe hostname koj ISP muab rau koj cov kab - tib hom npe traceroute qhia rau txhua lub hop.
Traceroute cov lus nug
Tus IP traceroute qhia dab tsi?
Traceroute teev txhua lub router (poob) koj cov pob ntawv hla ntawm koj lub cuab yeej thiab qhov chaw, nrog rau lub sijhawm mus ncig ntawm txhua lub plhaw. Nws qhia qhov twg kev sib txuas qeeb lossis tawg.
Vim li cas qee qhov traceroute hops qhia asterisks lossis sijhawm tawm?
Ntau lub routers tau teeb tsa tsis teb cov kev soj ntsuam traceroute, thiab firewalls feem ntau thaiv lawv. asterisks ntawm nruab nrab hops yog qhov qub thiab tsis muaj mob - qhov tseem ceeb yog seb qhov chaw zaum kawg teb.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem khiav traceroute los ntawm lub vev xaib?
Lub browser tsis tuaj yeem xa cov pob ntawv nyoos traceroute xav tau, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov neeg siv khoom sab. Web-based traceroutes muaj, tab sis lawv ntsuas txoj hauv kev los ntawm lub vev xaib servers mus rau lub hom phiaj - tsis yog los ntawm koj lub cuab yeej. Los ntawm qhov browser koj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau nrhiav koj tus IP pej xeem thiab nws rov DNS.