IP Traceroute: Mokhoa oa ho Fumana Tsela ea Khokahano

Seo traceroute e se etsang

Pakete e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e fetang marang-rang e na le moeli oa hop - TTL (nako ea ho phela) ho IPv4, kapa moeli oa hop ho IPv6. Router e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fetisang pakete e e fokotsa ka e le 'ngoe; ha e fihla ho zero, router e lahlela pakete ebe ka tlhompho e romela molaetsa oa "nako e fetileng".

Traceroute e sebelisa lihlomo tsena ka tlhompho: e romela lipakete tse nang le TTL 1, ebe 2, ebe 3… Karabo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea "nako e fetang" e khutlang e senola aterese ea router e 'ngoe hape tseleng. Li kopanye 'me u fumane tsela e felletseng ho tloha ho uena ho ea moo u eang - ka linako.

E tsamaisa ka sistimi ea hau

Windows - tracert

Tobetsa Win + R, mofuta cmd, otla Enter, ebe o matha:

tracert howtofindtheip.com

# Ka aterese ea IP ho fapana le lebitso:
tracert 1.1.1.1

macOS & Linux - traceroute

traceroute howtofindtheip.com

# macOS e kanna ea hloka tsela e felletseng kapa ho kenya:
/usr/sbin/traceroute howtofindtheip.com   # macOS
sudo apt install traceroute               # Debian / Ubuntu

Mokhoa o betere - mtr

mtr (My Traceroute) e kopanya traceroute le ping ponong e phelang - e ruta haholoanyane bakeng sa ho fumana jitter le tahlehelo. E fumaneha bakeng sa Linux, macOS (ka brew install mtr) le Windows (WinMTR).

mtr howtofindtheip.com
# Tobetsa 'q' ho tlohela

Ho bala liphetho

Sephetho se tloaelehileng se shebahala tjena:

 1  router.home          1.2 ms  1.0 ms  1.1 ms      # router ea hau
 2  isp-gw.net          12.4 ms 12.1 ms 12.3 ms      # ISP ea hau
 3  backbone1.net       21.0 ms 20.8 ms 21.2 ms      # marangrang a libaka
 4  * * *                                            # router e khutsitseng (e tloaelehileng)
 5  edge-server.net     23.9 ms 24.1 ms 23.8 ms
 6  howtofindtheip.com  24.0 ms 23.7 ms 23.9 ms      # sebaka

• Nomoro ea hop - ho fihlile li-routers tse kae tse tebileng.
• Lebitso la moamoheli / IP — router e arabileng (mabitso a PTR hangata a fana ka maikutlo a toropo kapa mojari).
• Linako tse tharo - linako tsa ho ea le ho khutla tsa li-probes tse tharo. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke mokhoa: ho qhoma ka tšohanyetso ho tsoelang pele ho hop ea morao hangata ho tšoaea karolo e liehang.

Tekanyetso e phahameng ea hop ea pele (ISP ea hau) e ama ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe; ho lieha ho hoholo ho hlaha ka morao ho tsela hangata ke tšubuhlellano e haufi le moo e eang. U batla ho sheba botumo ba e 'ngoe ea li-hops tseo u li fumaneng? Kenya IP ea eona ho rona sehlahlobi sa lethathamo la batho ba batsho kapa e fumane 'mapeng.

Hobaneng ha nako e fela

Linaleli (* * *) ho bolela hore router ha ea araba probe eo. E tloaelehile, 'me hangata ha e na kotsi:

• Li-routers tse ngata li hlophisitsoe hore li hlokomolohe li-traceroute probes ka botlalo (leano la ho fokotsa sekhahla kapa leano la ts'ireletso).
• Li-firewall li theola tšebeliso ea lipakete tsa UDP kapa ICMP traceroute.
• Router e etelletsa pele ho fetisa ho araba sephethephethe sa tlhahlobo.

Molao oa letsoho: nako ea nako bohareng ba mohlala o motle ha feela li-hops tsa morao-rao li ntse li arabela. Haeba mong le e mong hop ka mor'a ntlha e itseng linako tsoa le sebaka sa ho qetela ha se arabe, hop ke moo khokahano ea hau e robehang - tlhaiso-leseling ea bohlokoa ha u ngangisana le mohala oa tšehetso oa ISP.

Hobaneng ho se na webosaete e ka traceroute uena

Sebatli se entsoe ka sandbox ka boomo: JavaScript ha e khone ho romela lipakete tse tala kapa ho bala likarabo tsa ICMP tse hlokoang ke traceroute. "Traceroute" efe kapa efe ea inthaneteng eo u e fumanang e tsoa ho li-server tsa mofani oa thepa ho ea ho sepheo - e na le thuso, empa e lekanya tsela e fapaneng le ea sesebelisoa sa hau.

Seo u ka khona etsa ho sebatli: itsebahatse le liphetho tsa tsela ea hau. Fumana IP ea hau ea sechaba, joale sheba DNS ea eona e ka morao ho bona lebitso la moamoheli ISP ea hau e abetsoeng mohala oa hau - mofuta o tšoanang oa lebitso traceroute o bonts'a hop e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe.