IP Traceroute: Pehea e ʻimi ai i ke ala o kahi pilina
Hōʻike ʻo Traceroute i kēlā me kēia alalai e hele ai kāu ʻikepili ma waena o kāu hāmeʻa a me kahi huakaʻi - a ma kahi e lohi ai ka huakaʻi. Eia pehea e holo ai ma kekahi ʻōnaehana a heluhelu maoli i ka puka.
He aha ka traceroute e hana ai
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻeke e hele ana ma ka pūnaewele i kahi palena hop - ka TTL (manawa e ola ai) ma IPv4, a i ʻole ka palena hop ma IPv6. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea hoʻolale e hoʻouna i ka ʻeke e hoʻemi i ka mea hoʻokahi; i ka wā e paʻa ai ka zero, hoʻokuʻu ke alalai i ka ʻeke a hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi i kahi memo "ua ʻoi aku ka manawa".
Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻo Traceroute i kēia: hoʻouna ʻo ia i nā ʻeke me TTL 1, a laila 2, a laila 3… ʻO kēlā me kēia pane "ʻoi aku ka manawa" e hoʻi mai ana e hōʻike ana i ka helu o kahi alalai hou ma ke ala. E hoʻokuʻi iā lākou a loaʻa iā ʻoe ke ala piha mai ʻoe a hiki i kahi e hele ai - me nā manawa.
Ke holo nei ma kāu ʻōnaehana
Windows — tracert
Paʻi Win + R, ʻano cmd, kaomi Enter, a laila holo:
tracert howtofindtheip.com
# Ma ka helu IP ma kahi o ka inoa:
tracert 1.1.1.1
macOS & Linux — traceroute
traceroute howtofindtheip.com Pono paha ʻo # macOS i ke ala piha a i ʻole ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana: /usr/sbin/traceroute howtofindtheip.com # macOS sudo apt install traceroute # Debian/Ubuntu
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa - mtr
mtr (My Traceroute) hoʻohui i ka traceroute a me ka ping i kahi nānā ola - ʻoi aku ka ʻike no ka ʻike ʻana i ka jitter a me ka nalowale. Loaʻa no Linux, macOS (via brew install mtr) a me Windows (WinMTR).
mtr howtofindtheip.com
# Kaomi 'q' e haʻalele
Heluhelu i nā hopena
ʻO kahi huahana maʻamau e like me kēia:
1 router.home 1.2 ms 1.0 ms 1.1 ms # kāu mea hoʻokele 2 isp-gw.net 12.4 ms 12.1 ms 12.3 ms # kāu ISP 3 backbone1.net 21.0 ms 20.8 ms 21.2 ms # pūnaewele puni honua 4 * * * # mea hoʻokele hāmau (maʻamau) 5 edge-server.net 23.9 ms 24.1 ms 23.8 ms 6 howtofindtheip.com 24.0 ms 23.7 ms 23.9 ms # huakaʻi
- Helu hop — ehia mau mea alaala i hiki i ka hookolokolo.
- Hostname / IP - ka mea alalai i pane mai (ʻike pinepine nā inoa PTR i ke kūlanakauhale a mea lawe paha).
- ʻEkolu manawa - nā manawa kaʻapuni ʻekolu o nā mākau. ʻO ka mea nui ka ʻano ʻano: ʻo ka lele koke ʻana e hoʻomau i nā hops hope e hōʻailona maʻamau i ka māhele lohi.
ʻO ka latency kiʻekiʻe i nā hops mua (kou ISP) pili i nā mea āpau; ʻO ka latency kiʻekiʻe e ʻike ʻia ana i ka lohi ma ke ala, ʻo ia ka congestion ma kahi kokoke i kahi e hele ai. Makemake ʻoe e nānā i ka maikaʻi o kekahi o nā hops āu i ʻike ai? Hoʻopili i kāna IP i kā mākou mea nānā papa inoa ʻeleʻele a i ʻole e huli ma ka palapala honua.
No ke aha e holo ai ka manawa
nā hōkū (* * *) ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i pane ka mea alalai i kēlā noiʻi. Mea maʻamau, a ʻaʻohe pōʻino:
- Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea ala he nui no ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā probes traceroute holoʻokoʻa (ka palena palena a i ʻole ke kulekele palekana).
- Hoʻokuʻu nā pā ahi i ka UDP a i ʻole ICMP packets traceroute hoʻohana.
- Hoʻomaka mua ka mea alalai i ka hoʻouna ʻana ma mua o ka pane ʻana i nā kaʻa diagnostic.
Ka lula o ka lima: Ua maikaʻi nā manawa hoʻopau ma waena o kahi meheu inā e pane mau nā hops ma hope. Inā pau kēlā me kēia hop ma hope o kekahi manawa a ʻAʻole pane ka hopena hope loa, ʻo ia hop kahi e haki maoli ai kāu pilina - ʻike waiwai nui ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana me kahi laina kākoʻo o ISP.
No ke aha ʻaʻole hiki i kahi pūnaewele ke traceroute oe
ʻAʻole hiki i ka JavaScript ke hoʻouna i nā ʻeke maka a heluhelu paha i nā pane ICMP e koi ʻia e traceroute. ʻO kēlā me kēia "traceroute pūnaewele" āu e ʻike ai e holo ana mai nā kikowaena o ka mea hoʻolako i ka pahuhopu - pono, akā e ana ia i kahi ala ʻokoʻa ma mua o kāu hāmeʻa ponoʻī.
He aha kāu hiki e hana i loko o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele: e ʻike iā ʻoe iho a me nā wahi hope o kou ala. E huli i kāu IP lehulehu, alaila e nānā i kona DNS hope e ʻike i ka inoa hoʻokipa i hāʻawi ʻia i kāu ISP i kāu laina - ke ʻano like o ka inoa traceroute e hōʻike ana no kēlā me kēia hop.
Nā nīnau Traceroute
He aha ka IP traceroute e hōʻike ai?
Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Traceroute i kēlā me kēia router (hop) e hele ana kāu mau ʻeke ma waena o kāu hāmeʻa a me kahi huakaʻi, me ka manawa holo kaʻapuni o kēlā me kēia hop. Hōʻike ia i kahi e lohi ai a haki paha kahi pilina.
No ke aha e hōʻike ai kekahi traceroute hops i nā asterisk a i ʻole ka manawa?
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea hoʻokele he nui ʻaʻole e pane i nā probes traceroute, a paʻa pinepine nā pā ahi iā lākou. He mea maʻamau a maikaʻi ʻole nā asterisk ma nā hops waena - ʻo ka mea nui inā pane ka hopena hope.
Hiki iaʻu ke holo i kahi traceroute mai kahi pūnaewele?
ʻAʻole hiki i kahi polokalamu kele ke hoʻouna i nā ʻeke maka e pono ai ka traceroute, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea kūʻai aku. Loaʻa nā traceroutes ma ka pūnaewele, akā ana lākou i ke ala mai nā kikowaena pūnaewele a i ka pahuhopu - ʻaʻole mai kāu kelepona. Mai kahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele hiki iā ʻoe ke mau e huli i kāu IP lehulehu a me kona hoʻohuli DNS.