IPv4 vs IPv6: He aha ka ʻokoʻa?
ʻElua mau mana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono pūnaewele e holo ʻaoʻao ana i kēia manawa. Eia ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana iā lākou i ka nānā ʻana - a no ke aha e neʻe mālie ai ka honua mai kekahi a i kekahi.
ʻO ka haʻi ʻana iā lākou i kahi ʻano maka
ʻO ke ala wikiwiki loa e haʻi aku iā IPv4 a me IPv6 ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka kākau ʻana:
# IPv4 — ʻehā helu, 0–255, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā kiko 192.168.1.1 203.0.113.42 # IPv6 — ʻewalu mau pūʻulu hexadecimal, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā kolona 2606:4700:4700:0000:0000:0000:0000:1111 2606:4700:4700::1111 # ka :: hūnā i nā pūʻulu hakahaka
Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā kiko, ʻo IPv4 ia. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā kolonā a me nā leka i hui pū ʻia me nā huahelu, ʻo IPv6 ia. ʻO ke kolonā pālua (::) he pōkole no hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha mau pūʻulu all-zero, ʻo ia ke kumu i pōkole pinepine ai nā helu IPv6 honua maoli.
No ke aha he IPv6
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo IPv4 i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1970 me kahi kahua helu 32-bit - ma kahi o 4.3 biliona nā helu wahi hiki. I ka makahiki 1980 me he mea la he pau ole; i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pili pūnaewele ma mua o nā kānaka ma ka Honua.
Hoʻopili ka pūnaewele i ka hemahema no nā makahiki he mau makahiki me nā hoʻopunipuni e like me NAT (nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa e kaʻana like ana i hoʻokahi IPv4 lehulehu) a me CGNAT (nā kaiāulu āpau e kaʻana like ana i hoʻokahi). Akā he mau palena ka patching, no laila, i ka makahiki 1998, ua hoʻohālikelike ka IETF i ka IPv6: kahi kikowaena helu 128-bit e hāʻawi ana. 340 undecillion (3.4 × 10³⁸) mau helu wahi — lawa no ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa ma ka honua i mau piliona helu wahi nona.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻaoʻao
| Hiʻona | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Hōʻano | 203.0.113.42 | 2606:4700::1111 |
| Nui | 32-bit | 128-bit |
| Helu wahi | ≈ 4.3 biliona | ≈ 3.4 × 10³⁸ |
| Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale | Nā kiko (.) | Kona (:) |
| Pono ʻo NAT | ʻAe — liʻiliʻi nā helu wahi | ʻAʻole - hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa kahi helu lehulehu |
| Hoʻonohonoho | Manual a i ʻole DHCP | Aunoa (SLAAC) a i ʻole DHCPv6 |
| Hāpai ʻia | Universal | ≈ 45%+ o nā mea hoʻohana Google a piʻi |
ʻO wai kāu e hoʻohana nei?
ʻO ka mea ʻelua paha. Holo nā pūnaewele hou pūʻulu pālua — IPv4 a me IPv6 ʻaoʻao ma kēlā ʻaoʻao - a koho kāu hāmeʻa i ka mea maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia pūnaewele. Hōʻike kaʻawale kā mākou ʻaoʻao home i kēlā me kēia: ka IPv4 a IPv6 ʻōlelo ʻia nā hōʻailona ma lalo o kāu helu wahi ʻIke ʻia ke loaʻa i kāu pilina kēlā protocol, a ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ina aole.
Wehe howtofindtheip.com a nānā i nā ʻāpana hoʻohui. Inā ʻōlelo ʻo IPv6 "ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia", ʻaʻole i hiki i kāu ISP ke hoʻohana iā ia (a i ʻole ua hoʻopau kāu router) - ʻaʻohe mea i haki, a hoʻomau ka IPv4 i ka hana maikaʻi.
Manaʻo hoʻāʻo: ʻO ka helu wahi i hōʻike nui ʻia ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao ʻo ia ka protocol i makemake ʻia e kāu polokalamu kele no kēlā noi. Inā loaʻa nā kolonā, ua hiki mai ʻoe iā mākou ma IPv6 - kahi pilina IPv6 e hana nei.
Pehea ka holo ana o ka hoololi
Ua hala ʻo IPv6 i ka 45% o ka waihona mea hoʻohana a Google a hoʻomau i ka ulu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO India, ka US, Farani a me Kelemānia ua hala loa i ka 50%; ʻO nā mea lawe kelepona i ʻae ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻololi piha ʻana o IPv4 he mau makahiki hou aʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole kūpono nā kuʻina ʻelua - no laila ʻelua pūʻulu, a me nā ʻenehana unuhi no ka wā ʻino ma waena o ka manawa.
No ʻoe ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohana, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi: ka pūnaewele like, nā pūnaewele like, nā wahi ʻoi aku ka lumi ma lalo. No ka pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kūlanakauhale piha a me nā kula palena ʻole.
E aʻo hou aku
- He mea hou i ke kumuhana? E hoʻomaka me he aha ka IP address maoli.
- Makemake ʻoe i nā helu no kāu pili ponoʻī? E nānā i kāu IP i kēia manawa.
- Ma kahi huli mea hana? E nana pehea e ʻike ai i ka helu IP ma Windows, Mac, iPhone a me Android.
Nā nīnau IPv4 vs IPv6
ʻO wai ka maikaʻi, IPv4 a i ʻole IPv6?
No nā mea hoʻohana, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka "wikiwiki" ma kekahi ala ʻike. ʻO IPv6 ka protocol hōʻoia i ka wā e hiki mai ana me kahi kikowaena helu palena ʻole a me ke ala ala maʻalahi; Noho mau ʻo IPv4 no ka mea kākoʻo kēlā me kēia pūnaewele iā ia. Maikaʻi kāu pili e holo ʻelua.
No ke aha i loaʻa iaʻu kahi IPv4 a me kahi helu IPv6 i ka manawa like?
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pūnaewele hou e holo ana i ka "dual stack": ʻo nā protocol ʻelua e hana i ka manawa like. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no kahi pūnaewele i hāʻawi ʻia ma muli o ka mea a ia pūnaewele e kākoʻo ai. ʻIke kaʻawale kā mākou ʻaoʻao home i kāu mau helu wahi.
Ua ʻoi aku ka pilikino o IPv6 ma mua o IPv4?
ʻAʻole pono. Hiki i kahi helu IPv6 ke loaʻa i kahi mea hōʻike kikowaena paʻa e paʻa me kāu hāmeʻa, a ma ke kumumanaʻo e hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana hana hou i nā hoʻonui pilikino e hoʻohālikelike i kēia mea ʻike, no laila ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ʻo IPv6 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me IPv4 no ka pilikino.
Pono au e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻololi i IPv6?
ʻAʻole maʻamau. Hiki 'akomi 'o IPv6 i ka manawa e hiki ai i kāu ISP a kāko'o kāu mea alalai iā ia. Inā hoʻomaka ka hōʻailona IPv6 kā mākou ʻaoʻao home ʻōlelo ʻo "ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia", ʻaʻole paha i ʻōwili ʻia kāu ISP a i ʻole kāu mea alalai i hoʻopau ʻia.