howtofindtheip.com

IP Traceroute: Tsela ya go Latedisa Tsela ya Kgolaganyo

Traceroute e bontsha router nngwe le nngwe e tshedimosetso ya gago e fetang mo go yone fa gare ga sediriswa sa gago le kwa o yang teng — le kwa loeto lo fokotsegang gone. Mona ke kamoo ho e tsamaisa ka tsamaiso efe kapa efe le ha e le hantle bala dipholo.

Tsela ya go latedisa e dira eng

Pakete nngwe le nngwe e e tsamayang mo inthaneteng e na le tekanyetso ya go hop — TTL (nako ya go tshela) mo IPv4, kgotsa tekanyetso ya hop mo IPv6. Router nngwe le nngwe e e romelang pakete kwa pele e e fokotsa ka e le nngwe; fa e betsa lefela, router e latlhela pakete mme ka maitseo e romela molaetsa wa "nako e fetile".

Traceroute e dirisa seno ka maitseo: e romela dipakete tse di nang le TTL 1, morago ga moo 2, morago ga moo 3... Karabo nngwe le nngwe ya "nako e fetile" e e boang e senola aterese ya router e nngwe gape mo tseleng. String bona hammoho le o fumana tsela e feletseng ho tloha uena ho ea sebakeng seo — le timings.

Go e dirisa mo tsamaisong ya gago

Difensetere — tracert

Tobetsa Fenya + R, mofuta cmd, tobetsa Enter, o bo o taboga:

Command Prompt
tracert howtofindtheip.com

# Ka aterese ya IP boemong jwa leina:
tracert 1.1.1.1

macOS le Linux — traceroute

Terminal
traceroute howtofindtheip.com

# macOS e ka nna ya tlhoka tsela e e feletseng kgotsa go tsenngwa:
/usr/sbin/traceroute howtofindtheip.com   # macOS
sudo apt install traceroute               # Debian/Ubuntu

Tsela e e botoka — mtr

mtr (Traceroute ya ka) e kopanya traceroute le ping ka pono e phelang — e nang le tlhahisoleseding e ngata haholo bakeng sa ho hlahloba jitter le tahlehelo. E teng mo Linux, macOS (ka brew install mtr) le Difensetere (WinMTR).

Terminal
mtr howtofindtheip.com
# Tobetsa 'q' go tlogela

Go buisa dipholo

Dipholo tse di tlwaelegileng di lebega jaana:

Example output
 1  router.home          1.2 ms  1.0 ms  1.1 ms      # routara ya gago
 2  isp-gw.net          12.4 ms 12.1 ms 12.3 ms      # ISP ya gago
 3  backbone1.net       21.0 ms 20.8 ms 21.2 ms      # mafaratlhatlha a kgaolo
 4  * * *                                            # router e e didimetseng (e e tlwaelegileng)
 5  edge-server.net     23.9 ms 24.1 ms 23.8 ms
 6  howtofindtheip.com  24.0 ms 23.7 ms 23.9 ms      # kwa go iwang teng
  • Nomoro ya hop — ke di-router tse kae tse tebileng tse probe e ileng ya fihlella.
  • Leina la moamogedi / IP — router e e neng ya araba (maina a PTR gantsi a supa toropo kgotsa motshodi).
  • Dinako tse tharo - potoloha-leeto makhetlo a tse tharo probes. Se se botlhokwa ke gore kganelelo: tlolo ya tshoganyetso e e tswelelang mo dihopong tsa moragonyana gantsi e tshwaya karolo e e bonya.

Latency e phahameng ho di-hop tsa pele (ISP ya hao) e ama ntho e nngwe le e nngwe; phahameng latency hlaha morao tseleng hangata ke feela pitlagano haufi le moo e yang teng. A o batla go tlhola leina la nngwe ya di-hop tse o di boneng? Kgomaretsa IP ya yone mo setlhatlhobi sa lenaane le lentsho kgotsa e batle mo mmapeng.

Ke eng o tlogela nako

Dinaledi (* * *) go raya gore router ga e a araba probe eo. E tlwaelegile, mme gantsi ga e kotsi:

  • Di-router tse ngata di hlophisitswe ho hlokomoloha di-probe tsa traceroute ka ho phethahetseng (ho lekanyetsa sekgahla kapa pholisi ya tshireletso).
  • Di-firewall di latlhela dipakete tsa UDP kgotsa tsa ICMP tse di dirisiwang ka tsela ya go latedisa.
  • Router e baya pele go fetisetsa go na le go araba pharakano ya go tlhatlhoba.

Molao wa kgonope: timeouts mo gare ga motlhala di siame fa fela moragonyana di-hop di nna di tsiboga. Fa go tlola gongwe le gongwe morago ga ntlha e e rileng go fela le lefelo la bofelo ga le ke le araba, hop eo ke fa kgolagano ya gago e kgaogang teng tota — tshedimosetso e e botlhokwa thata fa o ngangisana le mola wa tshegetso wa ISP.

Goreng go se na webosaete e e kgonang go latedisa tsela wena

Sebatli se tsentswe mo lebokosong la motlhaba ka boomo: JavaScript ga e kgone go romela dipakete tse di tala kgotsa go bala dikarabo tsa ICMP tse traceroute e di tlhokang. "Tsela nngwe le nngwe ya go latedisa mo inthaneteng" e o e bonang e tsamaya go tswa mo disefareng tsa moabi go ya kwa setlhopheng — e na le mosola, mme e lekanya tsela e e farologaneng le ya sediriswa sa gago.

Se o se ka dira mo sebatling: itshupe le dintlha tsa bokhutlo tsa tsela ya gago. Batla IP ya gago ya botlhe, ka nako eo leba DNS ya yone e e boelang morago go bona leina la moamogedi la ISP ya gago le le abetsweng moleng wa gago — mofuta o o tshwanang wa leina la traceroute le bontsha hop nngwe le nngwe.

FAQ

Dipotso tsa go latedisa tsela

Tsela ya go latedisa ya IP e bontsha eng?

Traceroute e kwala lenaane la router nngwe le nngwe (hop) e dipakete tsa gago di fetang mo go yone fa gare ga sediriswa sa gago le lefelo le o yang kwa go lone, ka nako ya go boa le go boa ya hop nngwe le nngwe. E senola gore kgolagano e fokotsega kgotsa e kgaoga kae.

Ke ka ntlha yang fa di-hop dingwe tsa traceroute di bontsha dinaledi kgotsa nako e e fedileng?

Di-router tse dintsi di rulagantswe gore di se ka tsa araba di-probe tsa traceroute, mme gantsi di-firewall di a di thibela. Dinaledi mo di-hop tse di magareng di tlwaelegile e bile ga di kotsi — se se botlhokwa ke gore a lefelo la bofelo le a araba.

A nka tsamaisa tsela ya go latedisa go tswa mo webosaeteng?

Sebatli se ka se romele ditlhokego tsa dipakete tse di tala tsa traceroute, ka jalo ga se ka ke sa dirwa mo letlhakoreng la tlelaente. Ditsela tsa go latedisa tse di theilweng mo webong di teng, mme di lekanya tsela go tswa mo disefareng tsa webosaete go ya kwa setlhopheng — e seng go tswa mo sedirisweng tsa gago. Go tswa mo sebatling o sa ntse o ka Batla IP ya gago ya botlhe le busetsa DNS kwa morago.