IP Traceroute: Yadda ake Neman Hanyar Haɗi

Abin da traceroute ke yi

Kowane fakitin da ke tafiya a cikin intanet yana ɗaukar iyakacin hop - TTL (lokacin rayuwa) akan IPv4, ko iyakar hop akan IPv6. Kowane na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da ke tura fakitin yana rage shi da ɗaya; lokacin da ya buga sifili, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya sauke fakitin kuma ya aika da sakon "lokacin da ya wuce" cikin ladabi.

Traceroute yana amfani da wannan cikin ladabi: yana aika fakiti tare da TTL 1, sannan 2, sannan 3… Duk lokacin da “lokacin da ya wuce” da ya dawo yana bayyana adireshin wani na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Haɗa su tare kuma ku sami cikakkiyar hanya daga gare ku zuwa makoma - tare da lokaci.

Gudun shi akan tsarin ku

Windows - tracert

Latsa Win + R, irin cmd, danna Shigar, sannan ku gudu:

tracert howtofindtheip.com

# Ta adireshin IP maimakon suna:
tracert 1.1.1.1

macOS da Linux - traceroute

traceroute howtofindtheip.com

# macOS na iya buƙatar cikakken hanya ko shigarwa:
/usr/sbin/traceroute howtofindtheip.com   # macOS
sudo apt install traceroute               # Debian/Ubuntu

Hanya mafi kyau - mtr

mtr (My Traceroute) ya haɗu da traceroute da ping a cikin ra'ayi mai rai - ƙarin bayani don gano jitter da asara. Akwai don Linux, macOS (ta brew install mtrda kuma Windows (WinMTR).

mtr howtofindtheip.com
# Danna 'q' don barin

Karanta sakamakon

Fitowar al'ada yayi kama da haka:

 1  router.home          1.2 ms  1.0 ms  1.1 ms      # na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa
 2  isp-gw.net          12.4 ms 12.1 ms 12.3 ms      # ISP ku
 3  backbone1.net       21.0 ms 20.8 ms 21.2 ms      # cibiyar sadarwa na yanki
 4  * * *                                            # silent router (na al'ada)
 5  edge-server.net     23.9 ms 24.1 ms 23.8 ms
 6  howtofindtheip.com  24.0 ms 23.7 ms 23.9 ms      # manufa

• Lambar hop - nawa ne zurfin bincike ya kai.
• Sunan mai watsa shiri / IP - na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa wanda ya amsa (sunayen PTR sukan yi nuni ga birni ko mai ɗaukar kaya).
• Lokaci uku - lokutan zagaye-zagaye na binciken uku. Abin da ke da mahimmanci shine Trend: tsalle-tsalle na kwatsam wanda ya ci gaba a cikin hops na baya yakan nuna alamar jinkirin sashi.

Babban latency a farkon hops (ISP ɗinku) yana shafar komai; babban latency bayyana a makare a cikin hanya sau da yawa kawai cunkoso kusa da manufa. Kuna son bincika sunan ɗayan hops ɗin da kuka samo? Manna ta IP a cikin mu mai duba baƙar fata ko gano shi akan taswira.

Me ya sa lokaci ya fita

Alamomi (* * *) yana nufin mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa bai amsa wannan binciken ba. Na kowa, kuma yawanci mara lahani:

• Yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa an saita su don yin watsi da binciken binciken gaba ɗaya (ƙayyade ƙima ko manufar tsaro).
• Firewalls suna sauke fakitin UDP ko ICMP abubuwan amfani da su.
• Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tana ba da fifikon turawa akan ba da amsa ga zirga-zirgar bincike.

Dokokin babban yatsan hannu: ɓangarorin lokaci a tsakiyar alama yana da kyau muddin daga baya hops ya ci gaba da amsawa. Idan kowane hop bayan wani takamaiman lokaci sau fita kuma manufa ta ƙarshe ba ta taɓa amsawa ba, wannan hop shine inda haɗin yanar gizonku ya karye - bayanai masu mahimmanci lokacin jayayya da layin tallafi na ISP.

Me yasa babu gidan yanar gizon da zai iya ganowa ka

An sanya mashigin bincike da gangan: JavaScript ba zai iya aika dayan fakiti ko karanta ICMP martanin traceroute yana buƙata ba. Duk wani "traceroute kan layi" da kuka samo yana gudana daga sabar mai bayarwa zuwa manufa - mai amfani, amma yana auna wata hanya daban fiye da ta na'urar ku.

Abin da ku iya yi a cikin burauzar: gano kanku da wuraren ƙarshen hanyar ku. Nemo IP na jama'a, sannan duba ta reverse DNS don ganin sunan mai masaukin ku ISP da aka sanya wa layinku - irin wannan nau'in suna yana nunawa ga kowane hop.