IPv4 vs IPv6: Menene Bambancin?
Nau'o'i biyu na tsarin adireshi na intanet suna tafiya kafada da kafada a yanzu. Ga yadda za a raba su a kallo - da kuma dalilin da yasa duniya ke tafiya a hankali daga wannan zuwa wancan.
Ware su a kallo
Hanya mafi sauri don gaya wa IPv4 da IPv6 baya shine kawai yadda aka rubuta su:
# IPv4 - lambobi huɗu, 0-255, an raba su ta ɗigogi 192.168.1.1 203.0.113.42 # IPv6 - ƙungiyoyi takwas na hexadecimal, waɗanda colons suka rabu 2606:4700:4700:0000:0000:0000:0000:1111 2606:4700:4700::1111 # da :: boye kungiyoyin da ba komai
Idan kun ga dige-dige, IPv4 ne. Idan ka ga colons da haruffa gauraye da lambobi, IPv6 ne. Guda biyu (::) gajere ne don ɗaya ko fiye da ƙungiyoyin sifili, wanda shine dalilin da yasa adiresoshin IPv6 na ainihi sukan yi gajeru.
Me yasa akwai IPv6
An tsara IPv4 a ƙarshen 1970s tare da filin adireshi 32-bit - game da 4.3 biliyan yiwu adireshi. A cikin 1980 abin da ya zama kamar ba zai ƙare ba; a yau akwai ƙarin na'urori masu haɗin Intanet fiye da mutane a duniya.
Intanet ta daidaita ƙarancin shekaru da yawa tare da dabaru kamar NAT (dukkan gidaje suna raba IPv4 na jama'a ɗaya) da CGNAT (dukkan unguwannin raba ɗaya). Amma faci yana da iyaka, don haka a cikin 1998 IETF daidaitaccen IPv6: sarari adireshin 128-bit yana ba da kusan. 340 undecillion (3.4 × 10³⁸) adireshi - wanda ya isa ya ba kowace na'ura a duniya biliyoyin adiresoshin nata.
Kwatanta gefe-da-gefe
| Siffar | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Tsarin | 203.0.113.42 | 2606:4700::1111 |
| Girman | 32-bit | 128-bit |
| Wurin adireshi | ≈ 4.3 biliyan | ≈ 3.4 × 10³⁸ |
| Masu rabuwa | Dige (.) | Colons (:) |
| NAT da ake bukata | Ee - adireshi sun yi karanci | A'a - kowace na'ura na iya samun adireshin jama'a |
| Kanfigareshan | Manual ko DHCP | Atomatik (SLAC) ko DHCPv6 |
| Tallafawa | Universal | ≈ 45%+ na masu amfani da Google da hawan |
Wanne kuke amfani da shi?
Mafi m duka biyu. Hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani suna gudana dual tari - IPv4 da IPv6 gefe da gefe - kuma na'urarka tana ɗaukar mafi kyawun kowane gidan yanar gizon. Shafin gidanmu yana nuna kowanne dabam: da IPv4 kuma IPv6 baji a karkashin adireshin ku ce An gano lokacin da haɗin ku yana da waccan yarjejeniya, kuma Ba a gano ba lokacin ba.
Bude howtofindtheip.com kuma duba guntuwar haɗin kai. Idan IPv6 ta ce "Ba a gano shi ba", ISP ɗinku bai kunna shi ba tukuna (ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta kashe) - babu abin da ya karye, kuma IPv4 yana ci gaba da aiki lafiya.
Tukwici na gwaji: Adireshin da aka nuna babba a saman shafin shine kowace yarjejeniya da mai binciken ku ya fi so don wannan buƙatar. Idan ya ƙunshi colons, kun isa gare mu akan IPv6 - haɗin IPv6 mai aiki a aikace.
Yadda canjin ke tafiya
Tallafin IPV6 ya wuce 45% na tushen mai amfani na Google kuma yana ci gaba da girma kowace shekara. Indiya, Amurka, Faransa da Jamus sun wuce 50%; musamman masu dakon wayar hannu sun rungume shi. Cikakken maye gurbin IPv4 zai ɗauki shekaru fiye da haka, saboda ka'idojin biyu ba su dace kai tsaye ba - don haka tari biyu, da fasahohin fassara don tsaka mai wuya tsakanin lokaci.
A gare ku a matsayin mai amfani, ba a iya ganin canji: intanit iri ɗaya, shafuka iri ɗaya, adiresoshin daki a ƙasa. Ga yanar gizo gaba ɗaya, shine bambanci tsakanin birni mai cunkoson jama'a da ƙauyuka marasa iyaka.
Ƙara koyo
- Sabo ga batun? Fara da menene adireshin IP a zahiri.
- Kuna son lambobin don haɗin kan ku? Duba IP ɗin ku yanzu.
- A kan farautar na'ura? Duba yadda ake nemo adireshin IP akan Windows, Mac, iPhone da Android.
Tambayoyi na IPv4 vs IPv6
Wanne ya fi kyau, IPv4 ko IPv6?
Ga masu amfani, ba “mafi sauri” ta kowace hanya da aka sani ba. IPV6 ƙa'idar hujja ce ta gaba tare da sararin adireshi mara iyaka da sauƙi kuma mafi sauƙi; IPV4 ya kasance na duniya saboda kowace hanyar sadarwa tana goyan bayan ta. Da kyau haɗin ku yana gudana duka biyun.
Me yasa nake da IPv4 da adireshin IPv6 a lokaci guda?
Yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwa na zamani suna gudanar da "dual stack": duka ka'idojin suna aiki lokaci guda. Wanne ake amfani da shi don gidan yanar gizon da aka bayar ya dogara da abin da shafin ke tallafawa. Shafin gidanmu yana gano kowane adiresoshin ku daban.
Shin IPV6 yafi sirri fiye da IPv4?
Ba lallai ba ne. Adireshin IPv6 na iya ƙunsar tsayayyen mai gano mu'amalar keɓancewa wanda ke tsayawa tare da na'urarka, wanda a ka'idar ya sa ya fi dacewa. Tsarukan aiki na zamani suna amfani da kari na sirri wanda ke bazuwar wannan mai ganowa, don haka a aikace IPv6 yana da kwatankwacin kwatankwacinsa da IPv4 don keɓantawa.
Shin ina buƙatar yin wani abu don canzawa zuwa IPv6?
Yawancin lokaci a'a. IPV6 yana zuwa ta atomatik da zarar ISP ɗinka ya kunna shi kuma mai amfani da hanyar sadarwa yana goyan bayansa. Idan alamar IPv6 ta kunna shafin mu ya ce "Ba a gano ba", ko dai ISP ɗinku bai fitar da shi ba tukuna ko kuma na'urar sadarwar ku ta kashe shi.