Chii chinonzi IP Kero?
Yese mudziyo unotaura neinternet unoda imwe - asi chii chaizvo chinonzi IP kero, chingaratidzei nezvako, uye nei foni yako iine maviri acho? Heino mhinduro yeChirungu chakajeka.
Tsanangudzo iri nyore
An IP kero (Internet Protocol kero) inhamba yakasarudzika inopihwa kune yega yega mudziyo unobatanidza kunetiweki uchishandisa internet protocol. Funga nezvayo sekero yepositi yedata: paunokumbira peji rewebhu, sevha inoda kunyatsoziva kwainoitumira - uye yako IP kero ndiyo iyo yekuenda label.
Yakajairika IPv4 kero inoita seizvi: 203.0.113.42. IPv6 kero inoita seizvi: 2606:4700:4700::1111. Vese vanoita basa rimwe chete - tsvaga chinongedzo - chete nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwekamuri. Unogona kuona kero yako yeruzhinji izvozvi peji redu rekutanga; zvinoratidzika pakarepo peji rinotakura.
Iyo IP kero inoshanda sei
Kana mudziyo wako uchitumira chero chinhu paInternet - kutsvaga, kuyerera kwevhidhiyo, email - iyo data inochekwa kuita mapaketi madiki. Yese pakiti inotakura maadhiresi maviri mumusoro wayo: IP yako (kero yekudzosera) uye IP yekwauri kuenda. Marouta munzira anoverenga iwo misoro uye kuendesa pakiti imwe neimwe hop pedyo, nenzira imwechete iyo hofisi yekuronga inoendesa tsamba.
Nekuti mapaketi anotakura kero yako yekudzoka, mhinduro - peji rewebhu, mafuremu evhidhiyo - inoziva nzira yekudzokera kwauri. Hapana IP kero, hapana kutumira.
Public vs private IP kero
Apa ndipo panotangira nyonganiso yakawanda: zvishandiso zvako zvine mhando mbiri ye IP kero panguva imwe chete.
- Yakavanzika (yemunharaunda) IP - yakapihwa neyako yeWi-Fi router kune yega yega mudziyo mumba mako: kazhinji chinhu chakadai 192.168.1.42 kana 10.0.0.15. Izvi zvinongowanikwa mukati metiweki yako. Mamirioni edzimba munyika anoshandisa kero dzakafanana dzepachivande pasina kupokana.
- Public IP - kero yako Internet Service Provider (ISP) inopa router yako, inomiririra mhuri yako yese painternet. Wese webhusaiti yaunoshanyira inoona iyi. Ndozvipi yedu IP yekutarisa chishandiso zvinoratidza.
Dudziro iri pakati pezviviri izvi inoitika mukati merouter yako, mukuita kunonzi NAT (Network Kero Dudziro). Ndokusaka laptop yako, foni uye TV zvese zvichitsvaga pasi pekero yeruzhinji IP.
Kukurumidza mutemo wegunwe: kero kutanga na 192.168., 10. kana 172.16.–172.31. vari vega. Chero chipi zvacho chaunoona pane yedu peji rekutanga iIP yako yeruzhinji.
Izvo IP yako inoratidza nezvako
Ani nani anoona IP yako kero anogona kuziva zvakangoita:
- Yako yekufungidzira nzvimbo - kazhinji guta kana dunhu, dzimwe nguva ingori yako ISP's routing hub. Zvionere wega neyedu IP nzvimbo chishandiso.
- Yako ISP uye sangano - iyo kambani ine kero (Comcast, Orange, Vodafone, mupi wekutambira…).
- Mukurumbira wekubatana kwako - ingave kero inoonekwa paspam kana kushungurudzwa mazita evatema, kana ndeyeVPN kana proxy.
Chii icho haikwanise ratidza: zita rako, kero yako yemugwagwa, yako chaiyo GPS chinzvimbo. ISP yako chete inogona kubatanidza IP kuakaundi yemutengi, uye inozviita chete kana zvichidikanwa zviri pamutemo. Tarisa izvo IP yako wega inofumura - mhedzisiro inowanzoshamisa vanhu mukusajeka kwavanoita.
Dynamic vs static IPs
Vazhinji vashandisi vemba vane a dynamic IP: ISP inokukweretesa kero kwechinguva (chirendi cheDHCP), wobva wachinjanisa. Dzorerazve router yako uye unogona kudzoka neimwe kero. A static IP haachinje - mabhizinesi anoatenga kuti atore maseva, uye mamwe maISPs anovapa seyekuwedzera yakabhadharwa. Kana iwe waona kero yako ichichinja pakati pekushanya kune ino saiti, ndiyo ine simba yekurenda kubasa.
Nzira yekudzivirira (kana kuvanza) IP yako
Iwe haufanire kunetseka pamusoro peIP yako - kubatana kwese kunoda imwe. Asi kana iwe usingade kugovera iyo:
- VPN (Virtual Private Network) - inofambisa traffic yako yese kuburikidza neseva kumwe kunhu, saka mawebhusaiti anoona IP yeVPN pane yako. Yakanyanya kuvimbika sarudzo.
- Sevha dzeproxy - zvakafanana, asi kazhinji inogumira kubrowser yako kana imwe chete app. Zvakawanda zvinoonekwa; unogona kuona chero kero neyedu Proxy & VPN Tarisa.
- Tor - yemahara uye isingazivikanwe zvakanyanya, asi inononoka zvinooneka.
- Router reboot - iine simba IPs, kungobatanidza zvakare kunogona kukupa kero nyowani (kunyangwe ISP yako ichichengeta marekodhi anobatanidza ekare uye matsva).
Unoda kuziva kuti webhusaiti inodzidzei kubva pakushanya kwako? Skroka uchidzokera kumusoro kwe peji redu rekutanga - iyo nyika, guta uye ISP inoratidzwa ipapo ndiyo yakazara mufananidzo.
IP kero mibvunzo, yakapindurwa
IP address yangu inoratidza here kero yangu yekumba?
Kwete. IP kero inowanzo tsvagwa kuguta kana dunhu uye kune wako weinternet, asi kwete kumugwagwa kana imba yako. ISP yako chete ndiyo inogona kubatanidza IP kune mumwe mutengi, uye inongodaro nekuda kwezvikonzero zvepamutemo.
Zvishandiso zviviri zvingave nekero yeIP yakafanana here?
Painternet yeruzhinji, kwete - kero dzinofanirwa kuve dzakasiyana. Mukati metiweki yakavanzika, zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinogovera imwe yeruzhinji IP kuburikidza neNAT, nepo imwe neimwe iine yayo yakavanzika kero senge 192.168.1.x. Ndosaka mhuri yako yese ichionekwa online pasi peiyo IP yeruzhinji.
Ndovanza IP address yangu here?
Zvekubhurawuza kwemazuva ese hazviwanzo kudiwa - mawebhusaiti anoda IP yako kungotumira data kwauri. Kana iwe uchida kudzivirira kuprofilita kana kuwana zvakaganhurirwa munharaunda, VPN inotsiva kero webhusaiti inoona neimwe yakasiyana.
Nhamba dziri muIP kero dzinorevei?
IPv4 kero yakafanana 203.0.113.42 inhamba ye32-bit yakanyorwa seina 0–255 tsika dzinonzi octets. Chikamu chekutanga chinozivisa network, chikamu chekupedzisira chinozivisa mudziyo panetiweki iyoyo - zvakafanana nemashandiro anoita kodhi yepositi pamwe nenhamba yemba.