IPv4 vs IPv6: Itandukaniro irihe?
Uburyo bubiri bwa sisitemu ya aderesi ya enterineti ikora kuruhande rumwe kurubu. Dore uburyo bwo kubatandukanya ukireba - n'impamvu isi igenda gahoro gahoro ikava mubindi.
Kubabwira ukireba
Uburyo bwihuse bwo kubwira IPv4 na IPv6 gutandukana nukuntu byanditswe:
# IPv4 - imibare ine, 0-255, itandukanijwe nududomo 192.168.1.1 203.0.113.42 # IPv6 - amatsinda umunani ya hexadecimal, yatandukanijwe na colon 2606:4700:4700:0000:0000:0000:0000:1111 2606:4700:4700::1111 # the :: ihisha amatsinda yubusa
Niba ubona utudomo, ni IPv4. Niba ubona inyuguti ninyuguti bivanze nimibare, ni IPv6. Inkingi ebyiri (::) ni amagambo ahinnye kumatsinda imwe cyangwa menshi-zeru, niyo mpamvu aderesi-yisi IPv6 ikunze kugaragara.
Impamvu IPv6 ibaho
IPv4 yateguwe mu mpera za za 70 hamwe na 32-bit ya adresse - hafi Miliyari 4.3 aderesi zishoboka. Muri 1980 byasaga naho bidashoboka; uyumunsi hari ibikoresho byinshi bihujwe na interineti kuruta abantu kwisi.
Interineti yakemuye ikibazo cyibura mumyaka mirongo hamwe nuburiganya nka NAT (ingo zose zisangira IPv4 rusange) na CGNAT (abaturanyi bose basangiye imwe). Ariko ibishishwa bifite imipaka, kubwibyo muri 1998 IETF isanzwe IPv6: umwanya wa 128-bit ya adresse itanga hafi 340 undecillion .
Kugereranya kuruhande
| Ikiranga | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Imiterere | 203.0.113.42 | 2606:4700::1111 |
| Ingano | 32-bit | 128-bit |
| Umwanya wa aderesi | Miliyari 4.3 | ≈ 3.4 × 10³⁸ |
| Abatandukanya | Utudomo (.) | Inkingi (:) |
| NAT irakenewe | Yego - aderesi ni nke | Oya - igikoresho cyose gishobora kugira adresse rusange |
| Iboneza | Igitabo cyangwa DHCP | Automatic (SLAAC) cyangwa DHCPv6 |
| Kurera umwana | Isi yose | ≈ 45% + by'abakoresha Google no kuzamuka |
Ninde ukoresha?
Birashoboka cyane byombi. Imiyoboro igezweho ikora ibice bibiri - IPv4 na IPv6 kuruhande - kandi igikoresho cyawe gitoranya cyiza kurubuga. Urupapuro rwibanze rwerekana buri kimwe ukwacyo :. IPv4 na IPv6 badges munsi ya adresse yawe vuga Byamenyekanye iyo ihuza ryawe rifite iyo protocole, na Ntibimenyekana igihe atari byo.
Fungura howtofindtheip.com hanyuma urebe imiyoboro ihuza. Niba IPv6 ivuga "Ntibimenyekanye", ISP yawe ntabwo irabishobora (cyangwa router yawe yazimye) - ntakintu cyacitse, kandi IPv4 ikomeza gukora neza.
Inama y'ibizamini: aderesi yerekanwe nini hejuru yurupapuro niyihe protocole mushakisha yawe yahisemo kubisabwa. Niba irimo colons, watugezeho hejuru ya IPv6 - ihuza IPv6 ikora mubikorwa.
Ukuntu switch igenda
Kwakira IPv6 byatsinze 45% byabakoresha Google kandi bikomeza kwiyongera buri mwaka. Ubuhinde, Amerika, Ubufaransa n'Ubudage byarenze 50%; abatwara mobile cyane cyane barabyakiriye. Gusimbuza byuzuye IPv4 bizatwara imyaka myinshi, kubera ko protocole zombi zidahuye neza - niyo mpamvu ibice bibiri, hamwe na tekinoroji yubuhinduzi kubi hagati yigihe.
Kuri wewe nkumukoresha, inzibacyuho ntizigaragara: interineti imwe, imbuga zimwe, gusa aderesi zicyumba munsi. Kuri interineti muri rusange, ni itandukaniro riri hagati yumujyi wuzuye abantu ninkengero zitagira umupaka.
Wige byinshi
- Agashya ku ngingo? Tangira na aderesi ya IP mubyukuri.
- Urashaka imibare kugirango uhuze? Reba IP yawe ubu.
- Guhiga ibikoresho? Reba uburyo bwo kubona aderesi ya IP kuri Windows, Mac, iPhone na Android.
IPv4 vs IPv6 ibibazo
Niki cyiza, IPv4 cyangwa IPv6?
Kubakoresha, ntanubwo "yihuta" muburyo bugaragara. IPv6 ni protocole yigihe kizaza hamwe na aderesi ya aderesi itagira imipaka hamwe nu murongo woroshye; IPv4 ikomeza kuba rusange kuko buri rezo irabishyigikiye. Byiza cyane guhuza kwawe gukora byombi.
Kuki mfite IPv4 na IPv6 icyarimwe?
Imiyoboro myinshi igezweho ikoresha "dual stack": protocole zombi zikora icyarimwe. Niyihe ikoreshwa kurubuga runaka biterwa nicyo urwo rubuga rushyigikiye. Urupapuro rwitangiriro rwerekana buri aderesi yawe ukwayo.
IPv6 yaba yihariye kuruta IPv4?
Ntabwo ari ngombwa. Aderesi ya IPv6 irashobora kuba irimo indangamuntu ihamye iguma hamwe nigikoresho cyawe, mubitekerezo bituma irushaho gukurikiranwa. Sisitemu y'imikorere igezweho ikoresha iyagurwa ryibanga ritandukanya iki kimenyetso, mubikorwa rero IPv6 igereranywa na IPv4 kubanga.
Nkeneye gukora ikintu cyose kugirango mpindure IPv6?
Ubusanzwe oya. IPv6 igera mu buryo bwikora ISP yawe igushoboza kandi router yawe irabishyigikiye. Niba ikirango cya IPv6 kuri Urupapuro rwitangiriro igira iti "Ntibimenyekanye", yaba ISP yawe itarasohora cyangwa router yawe yarahagaritse.