Aderesi ya IP ni iki?
Igikoresho cyose kivugana na enterineti gikenera kimwe - ariko mubyukuri IP adresse ni iki, ishobora guhishura iki kuri wewe, kandi kuki terefone yawe ifite ebyiri muri zo? Dore igisubizo cyoroshye-Icyongereza.
Igisobanuro cyoroshye
An Aderesi ya IP (Aderesi ya enterineti ya enterineti) numubare wihariye uhabwa buri gikoresho gihuza umuyoboro ukoresheje protocole ya enterineti. Bitekerezeho nka aderesi ya posita yamakuru: mugihe usabye urupapuro rwurubuga, seriveri igomba kumenya neza aho wohereza - kandi aderesi ya IP nicyo kirango cyerekezo.
Aderesi ya IPv4 isanzwe isa nkiyi: 203.0.113.42. Aderesi ya IPv6 isa nkiyi: 2606:4700:4700::1111. Bombi bakora akazi kamwe - menya isano - hamwe nibyumba bitandukanye. Urashobora kubona adresse yawe rusange kurubu Urupapuro rwitangiriro; biragaragara ako kanya urupapuro ruremereye.
Uburyo aderesi ya IP ikora
Iyo igikoresho cyawe cyohereje ikintu cyose kurubuga rwa interineti - gushakisha, umurongo wa videwo, imeri - amakuru yaciwe mumapaki mato. Buri paki itwara adresse ebyiri mumutwe wacyo: IP yawe (adresse yo kugaruka) na IP igana. Inzira zinyura munzira zisoma iyo mitwe hanyuma utere imbere buri paki imwe hop hafi, kimwe no gutondekanya ibiro bikoresha ibaruwa.
Kuberako paki zitwara adresse yawe yo gusubiza, igisubizo - urupapuro rwurubuga, amafoto ya videwo - izi gushakisha inzira ikugarukira. Nta aderesi ya IP, nta gutanga.
Rusange vs aderesi ya IP
Hano niho urujijo rutangirira: ibikoresho byawe bifite ubwoko bubiri ya aderesi ya IP icyarimwe.
- IP (Private) IP - yashinzwe na router yawe ya Wi-Fi kuri buri gikoresho murugo rwawe: akenshi ikintu kimeze 192.168.1.42 cyangwa 10.0.0.15. Ibi bibaho gusa murusobe rwawe. Amamiriyoni yamazu kwisi akoresha adresse imwe yihariye nta makimbirane.
- IP rusange - aderesi ya serivise yawe ya interineti (ISP) itanga router yawe, ihagarariye urugo rwawe rwose kuri enterineti. Urubuga rwose usuye rubona uru. Nicyo igikoresho cyo gushakisha IP yerekana.
Ubusobanuro hagati yibi byombi bibera imbere muri router yawe, muburyo bwiswe NAT (Umuyoboro wa Aderesi ya Network). Niyo mpamvu mudasobwa igendanwa, terefone na TV byose bireba munsi ya IP rusange.
Amategeko yihuse: aderesi itangirana na 192.168., 10. cyangwa 172.16.–172.31. ni abikorera. Ibindi byose ubona kurupapuro rwacu ni IP rusange.
Ibyo IP yawe ihishura kuri wewe
Umuntu wese ubona aderesi ya IP arashobora kubimenya hafi:
- Ahantu hafi yawe - mubisanzwe umujyi cyangwa akarere, rimwe na rimwe gusa inzira ya ISP yawe. Reba nawe ubwacu Igikoresho cya IP.
- ISP n'umuryango wawe - isosiyete ifite aderesi (Comcast, Orange, Vodafone, itanga serivise…).
- Ihuza ryawe - niba adresse igaragara kuri spam cyangwa gukoresha nabi urutonde rwabirabura, cyangwa ni iya VPN cyangwa proxy.
Icyo ntishobora guhishura: izina ryawe, aderesi yawe yumuhanda, umwanya wawe wa GPS. Gusa ISP yawe irashobora guhuza IP kuri konte yabakiriya, kandi irabikora gusa mugihe byemewe n'amategeko. Reba icyo IP yawe bwite igaragaza - ibisubizo bikunze gutangaza abantu muburyo badasobanutse.
Dynamic vs static IP
Abakoresha urugo benshi bafite a imbaraga za IP: ISP iguha adresse mugihe gito (ubukode bwa DHCP), hanyuma ikayihindura. Ongera uhindure router yawe kandi urashobora kugaruka hamwe na aderesi zitandukanye. A. IP ihagaze ntizigera ihinduka - ubucuruzi bugura kubakira seriveri, kandi ISP zimwe zibaha nkinyongera yishyuwe. Niba wabonye adresse yawe ihinduka hagati yo gusura uru rubuga, ubwo ni ubukode bukomeye kumurimo.
Nigute ushobora kurinda (cyangwa guhisha) IP yawe
Ntugomba guhangayikishwa na IP yawe - buri murongo ukenera umwe. Ariko niba udashaka kubisangira:
- VPN (Umuyoboro wigenga wihariye) - uhuza inzira zawe zose unyuze kuri seriveri ahandi, bityo imbuga zikareba IP ya VPN aho kuba iyanyu. Amahitamo yizewe cyane.
- Seriveri - bisa, ariko mubisanzwe bigarukira kuri mushakisha yawe cyangwa porogaramu imwe. Benshi baramenyekana; urashobora kugenzura aderesi iyo ariyo yose hamwe niyacu Proxy & VPN Kugenzura.
- Tor - ubuntu kandi butazwi cyane, ariko biragaragara ko buhoro.
- Gusubiramo inzira - hamwe na IP ifite imbaraga, guhuza gusa birashobora kuguha adresse nshya (nubwo ISP yawe ikomeza inyandiko zihuza ibishaje nibishya).
Amatsiko niki urubuga rwigira mubyukuri? Subiza inyuma hejuru ya Urupapuro rwitangiriro - igihugu, umujyi na ISP byerekanwe ko hari ishusho yuzuye.
IP adresse yibibazo, byashubijwe
IP adresse yanjye yerekana adresse yukuri murugo?
Oya. Aderesi ya IP irashobora gukurikiranwa mumujyi cyangwa mukarere ndetse no kuguha interineti, ariko ntibireba umuhanda wawe cyangwa inzu yawe. Gusa ISP yawe irashobora guhuza IP numukiriya runaka, kandi irabikora kubwimpamvu zemewe.
Ibikoresho bibiri birashobora kugira aderesi imwe ya IP?
Kuri interineti rusange, oya - aderesi igomba kuba yihariye. Imbere y'urusobe rwigenga, ibikoresho byinshi bisangira IP rusange binyuze muri NAT, mugihe buriwese afite adresse yihariye nka 192.168.1.x. Niyo mpamvu urugo rwawe rwose rugaragara kumurongo munsi ya IP rusange.
Nakagombye guhisha aderesi ya IP?
Kubushakashatsi bwa buri munsi mubisanzwe ntabwo bikenewe - urubuga rukeneye IP yawe kugirango wohereze amakuru kuri wewe. Niba ushaka kwirinda umwirondoro cyangwa kwinjira mukarere kagabanijwe mukarere, VPN isimbuza imbuga za adresse reba nizindi zitandukanye.
Imibare iri muri aderesi ya IP isobanura iki?
Aderesi ya IPv4 nka 203.0.113.42 numubare 32-bit wanditse nkibintu bine 0-255 byitwa octets. Igice cya mbere kigaragaza urusobe, igice cyanyuma kigaragaza igikoresho kuri urwo rusobe - bisa nuburyo kode yiposita wongeyeho nimero yinzu ikorera hamwe.