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Uluhlu olumnyama lwe-IP lucacisiwe

Iiseva zemeyile kunye neenkqubo zorhwaphilizo zithelekisa zonke idilesi zoqhagamshelo ngokuchasene nokwabelwana ngogcino-lwazi "lwegama elibi". Nantsi indlela olusebenza ngayo olu luhlu lwabantsundu, kutheni kwane-IPs yasekhaya emsulwa iphelela kubo, kwaye uphuma njani kwenye.

Yintoni uluhlu olumnyama (i-DNSBL) eneneni

Uluhlu olumnyama - igama lobugcisa ngu DNSBL, Uluhlu lwebhloko olusekwe kwi-DNS — yidathabheyisi yoluntu yeedilesi ze-IP ezibonise ukuziphatha okubi, ngokuqhelekileyo i-spam. Inxalenye ekrelekrele kukuhanjiswa: uluhlu lunikezelwe ngeDNS ngokwayo. Ukubuza "i-192.0.2.5 idwelisiwe?", iseva yemeyile ijonga idilesi ebuyiselwe umva ngaphakathi kwendawo yoluhlu lwabachasiweyo kwaye ifunde impendulo:

A DNSBL query in slow motion
# Ngaba 8.8.8.8 zidweliswe kwi zen.spamhaus.org?
lookup: 8.8.8.8.zen.spamhaus.org   # ii-octets ezibuyiselwe umva + indawo
answer: NXDOMAIN                    # "ayidweliswanga" — akukho rekhodi likhoyo

# Idilesi edwelisiweyo endaweni yoko ibuyisela ikhowudi efana ne-127.0.0.4,
# ontsingiselo yayo ichazwa luxwebhu loluhlu lwabantsundu ngalunye

Uluhlu ngalunye lupapasha iikhowudi zalo zokubuyisela kunye nemilinganiselo. Olunye uluhlu kuphela lwemithombo yespam eqinisekisiweyo; abanye baphinde balandelele oomatshini abasengozini, iiseva zomyalelo we-botnet okanye uluhlu oluxhaphazayo. Yethu jonga uluhlu lwabamnyama iqhuba idilesi yakho ngokuchasene neendawo ezilithoba ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi - i-SpamCop, i-Spamhaus, i-DroneBL, i-UCEPROTECT kunye nezinye - usebenzisa kanye le ndlela yokusebenza kwi-DNS-over-HTTPS.

Kutheni ii-IPs ziphela zidweliswe

Uluhlu lwakhiwe kwimigibe ye-spam, iingxelo zabasebenzisi kunye nobhaqo oluzenzekelayo, ke izizathu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

  • Ukuthumela ugaxekile okanye ukuhlasela itrafikhi - eyona icacileyo: iwebhusayithi esengozini, iseva yemeyile engalungiswanga kakuhle ethumela nabani na, okanye i-malware kumatshini ongaphakathi kwinethiwekhi.
  • Unetyala ngummelwane - kwi-host host okanye i-CGNAT, abasebenzisi abaninzi babelana ngedilesi enye; umdlali omnye ongalunganga angaludwelisa wonke umntu. Yiyo loo nto abasebenzisi bamakhaya abamsulwa ngamanye amaxesha befumana idilesi yabo ineflegi.
  • Udumo olubi loluhlu - Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-ISP olwathi ngokwembali lukhuphe impatho-gadalala eninzi lunikwa ubunzima kwangaphambili, ngakumbi uluhlu oluguquguqukayo olungasoze luqhube iiseva zemeyile.
  • Ubuchwephesha obungalunganga — i-relay evulekileyo, i-DNS engasemva elahlekileyo (PTR) okanye iirekhodi ze-SPF ezaphukileyo zitsala uluhlu oluphantse lube ngoomatshini.

Olunjani udweliso oluchaphazelayo

Eyona mpembelelo inkulu ukuhanjiswa kwe-imeyile: abancedisi abafumanayo jongana nolu luhlu phambi kokwamkela imeyile, kwaye idilesi edwelisiweyo ibona ukutsiba okanye ukusongwa kwe spam okuthe cwaka. Ngaphaya kwe-imeyile, isidima esifanayo esondla kwinqaku lobuqhophololo - idilesi edwelisiweyo inokujongana neeCAPTCHA ezininzi, ukujongwa okungqongqo kobhaliso okanye ukufikelela kwi-API evaliweyo. Ukhangelo lwewebhu oluqhelekileyo alufane luchaphazeleke.

Uyijonga njani idilesi

Yiqhube nge IP Blacklist Khangela: ibuza iindawo eziphambili zihlala kwaye inike ingxelo nganye njenge Idwelisiwe, Ayidweliswanga okanye ayifumaneki okwethutyana, ngekhonkco elithe ngqo kwiphepha ngalinye lokukhangela iinkcukacha kunye nemiyalelo yokususa. Ngomfanekiso ogcweleyo, dibanisa ne ummeli kunye ne-VPN khangela kunye nedilesi umva i-DNS - idilesi edwelisiweyo engenarekhodi ye-PTR ibalisa ibali.

Ukucinywa kwencwadi yokudlala

  1. Fumana unobangela kuqala. Ukususa ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukudweliswa kwakhona - kunye noluhlu oluphindaphindiweyo bafumana izigwebo ezide. Jonga izixhobo ze-malware, vala iireyidi ezivulekileyo, iirotha ezikhuselekileyo, uphonononge oko kuthunyelwa ngumncedisi wakho.
  2. Sebenzisa uluhlu ngalunye ijelo lokususa. Wonke uluhlu olumnyama luqhuba iphepha lokujonga kunye nefom yokususa okanye ichaza umgaqo-nkqubo wayo: I-SpamCop ibeka ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokuba ingxelo yobudala iphumile; I-UCEPROTECT isebenzisa ixesha lokulinda ngokuhambelana nolwaphulo-mthetho; U-Spamhaus wamkela izicelo ngenkqubo yayo yetyala — kodwa ngabom ayiluchazi uluhlu lweendawo zokuhlala.
  3. Linda uluhlu oluzenzekelayo. Uninzi ludwelisa izinto ezibolileyo ngokwazo nje ukuba uxhatshazo luyekile - iiyure zabo bandlongondlongo, iintsuku kwabanye. I-traffic ecocekileyo yingxoxo ebalulekileyo.
  4. Lungisa iingxaki zesazisi kakhulu. Irekhodi elililo le-PTR elihambelana negama lomamkeli wemeyile (i-DNS eqinisekisiweyo phambili) kunye ne-SPF/DKIM echanekileyo iphucula kakhulu indlela abafumana ngayo abancedisi abakuphatha ngayo, abadwelisiweyo okanye abangakuphathi.

Ukungangeni kwizintlu

  • Gcina iirotha, iiseva kunye neewebhusayithi zifakwe - uninzi loluhlu olusuka ekhaya kunye nothungelwano lwamashishini amancinci lubuyela umva kwinto echaphazelekileyo.
  • Ungaze usebenzise iseva yemeyile ukusuka kuluhlu oluguqukayo lwendawo yokuhlala; sebenzisa unikezelo lwe-SMTP yomboneleli wakho okanye inkonzo yeposi yorhwebo.
  • Vala iifom kunye nee-APIs (umyinge wezinga, iCAPTCHA) ukuze iziqinisekiso ezithotyiweyo zingakwazi ukuguqula iseva yakho ibe yi-spam cannon.
  • Phinda ujonge amaxesha ngamaxesha - igama liyahamba, kwaye ukubamba uluhlu kwangethuba kuligcina lifutshane.

Umxholo ubalulekile: "Okudweliswe" olunye kuluhlu olunobundlobongela akuyongxaki - thelekisa ukuba loluphi uluhlu oluphawulileyo kwaye nokuba usebenzisa umncedisi weposi osuka kulaa dilesi kwaphela. Uninzi lwee-IP zasekhaya zihlala kuluhlu oluthile kwindawo ethile ngaphandle kwesiphumo esisebenzayo.

Funda nzulu

FAQ

Imibuzo yoluhlu olumnyama

Kutheni ikhaya lam IP kuluhlu olumnyama?

Iidilesi zasekhaya zidla ngokuhlala kuluhlu kuba kukho into esetyenzisiweyo ukuthumela ugaxekile okanye ukuhlasela itrafikhi: usulelo lwe-malware, i-router ephazamisekileyo, iseva yemeyile engalungiswanga kakuhle, okanye ngenxa yokuba lonke uluhlu lwe-ISP lunodumo olubi. Ukususa kuluhlu ngesiqhelo kuyazenzekela xa ukuziphatha okukhubekisayo kuyekile.

Ngaba ukufakwa kuluhlu olumnyama kuchaphazela nantoni na ngaphandle kwe-imeyile?

Uluhlu olumnyama lubaluleke kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kwe-imeyile, kodwa i-database yolwazi olufanayo isondlo sobuqhetseba, ngoko ke i-IP edwelisiweyo inokujongana neeCAPTCHA ezininzi, ukubhalisa okuvaliweyo kunye nokuhlolwa okungqongqo kwiiwebhusayithi kunye nee-API.

Ndiyisusa njani i-IP yam kuluhlu olumnyama?

Okokuqala misa unobangela - vala i-relay evulekileyo, coca isixhobo esosulelekileyo, ukhusele i-router. Emva koko sebenzisa iphepha lokujonga/lokususa loluhlu oluvaliweyo (nganye inefomu): ezinye zicima ngokuzenzekelayo kwiiyure okanye iintsuku zetrafikhi ecocekileyo, abanye bathatha izicelo zokususa. U-Spamhaus ngabom akazamkeli izicelo zoluhlu oluguquguqukayo.

Ngaba uluhlu lwabamnyama lunokuba lungalunganga?

Ewe. Uluhlu lunokwenzeka kwaye uluhlu kwabelwana ngalo: kwi-CGNAT okanye ukusingathwa okwabelwanayo, ukuziphatha kwabanye abantu kwi-IP efanayo kunokudwelisa. Jonga ukuba loluphi uluhlu olukuphakeleyo, landela ubungqina balo, kwaye ubhene ngenkqubo yalo yokususa - uluhlu oluthembekileyo lulungisa izinto ezibubuxoki zokwenyani.