IPv4 vs IPv6: Yintoni Umahluko?
Iinguqulelo ezimbini zenkqubo yeedilesi ze-intanethi zisebenza ecaleni ngoku. Nantsi indlela yokubahlula ngokukrwaquza - kwaye kutheni umhlaba uhamba kancinci ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye.
Ukubajonga nje bahlukane
Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuxelela i-IPv4 kunye ne-IPv6 ukuba zibhalwe njani:
# IPv4 — amanani amane, 0–255, ahlulwe ngamachaphaza 192.168.1.1 203.0.113.42 # IPv6 - amaqela asibhozo ehexadecimal, ahlulwe ziikholoni 2606:4700:4700:0000:0000:0000:0000:1111 2606:4700:4700::1111 # the :: ifihla amaqela angenanto
Ukuba ubona amachaphaza, yi-IPv4. Ukuba ubona iikholoni kunye nonobumba abaxutywe namadijithi, yi IPv6. Ikholoni kabini (::) sisishunqulelo seqela elinye okanye ngaphezulu zonke-zero, yiyo loo nto iidilesi zehlabathi zokwenyani IPv6 zihlala zikhangeleka zimfutshane.
Kutheni kukho IPv6
IPv4 yayilwa ekupheleni koo-1970 kunye nentsimi yedilesi ye-32-bit - malunga 4.3 yeebhiliyoni iidilesi ezinokwenzeka. Ngowe-1980 oko kwabonakala kungenakuphela; namhlanje kukho izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi kunabantu abaseMhlabeni.
I-intanethi ibambe ukunqongophala kwamashumi eminyaka ngamaqhinga afana ne-NAT (amakhaya aphela abelana nge-IPv4 yoluntu enye) kunye ne-CGNAT (indawo zonke ezihlala ebumelwaneni zabelana enye). Kodwa ukuchwetheza kunemida, ke ngo-1998 i-IETF yamisela i-IPv6: indawo yedilesi ye-128-bit enikezela ngokurhabaxa. Ngama-340 eebhiliyoni (3.4 × 10³⁸) iidilesi — ngokwaneleyo ukunika isixhobo ngasinye esisemhlabeni iibhiliyoni zeedilesi ezizezaso.
Uthelekiso olusecaleni
| Uphawu | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Ifomathi | 203.0.113.42 | 2606:4700::1111 |
| Ubungakanani | 32-bit | 128-bit |
| Indawo yedilesi | ≈ 4.3 billion | ≈ 3.4 × 10³⁸ |
| Abahluli | Amachaphaza (.) | Iikholoni (:) |
| I-NAT iyafuneka | Ewe - iidilesi zinqabile | Hayi — sonke isixhobo sinokuba nedilesi yoluntu |
| Uqwalaselo | I-Manual okanye i-DHCP | Okuzenzekelayo (i-SLAAC) okanye i-DHCPv6 |
| Ukwamkelwa | Universal | ≈ 45%+ yabasebenzisi bakaGoogle kunye nokunyuka |
Usebenzisa eyiphi?
Okunokwenzeka zombini. Uthungelwano lwale mihla luyasebenza isitaki ezimbini -IPv4 kunye ne-IPv6 ecaleni-kwaye isixhobo sakho sikhetha eyona ilungileyo kwiwebhusayithi nganye. Iphepha lethu lasekhaya libonisa nganye ngokwahlukeneyo: i IPv4 kwaye IPv6 iibheji phantsi kwedilesi yakho zitsho Ifunyenwe xa uxhulumaniso lwakho lunaloo protocol, kwaye Ayifunyaniswanga xa kungenjalo.
Vula howtofindtheip.com kwaye ujonge iitshiphusi zoqhagamshelwano. Ukuba i-IPv6 ithi "Ayichongwanga", i-ISP yakho ayikayivumeli okwangoku (okanye umzila wakho ucimile) - akukho nto yaphukileyo, kwaye i-IPv4 iqhubeka isebenza kakuhle.
Ingcebiso yovavanyo: idilesi eboniswe enkulu phezulu ephepheni yeyiphi iprotocol yomkhangeli zincwadi oyikhethayo kweso sicelo. Ukuba iqulethe iikholoni, ufikelele kuthi nge-IPv6 — uqhagamshelwano olusebenzayo lwe-IPv6 lusebenza.
Ukutshintsha kuhamba njani
Ukwamkelwa kwe-IPv6 kuphumelele i-45% yesiseko sabasebenzisi bakaGoogle kwaye iyaqhubeka ukukhula minyaka le. I-Indiya, i-US, iFransi kunye neJamani zidlule kakuhle kwi-50%; abathwali beselula ngokukodwa baye bayamkele. Ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-IPv4 kuyakuthatha iminyaka engaphezulu, kuba ezi nkqubo zimbini azihambelani ngokuthe ngqo - yiloo nto ukupakishwa okuphindwe kabini, kunye neetekhnoloji zokuguqulela kwixesha elibi phakathi kwexesha.
Kuwe njengomsebenzisi, inguqu ayibonakali: i-intanethi efanayo, iisayithi ezifanayo, iidilesi zamagumbi ngaphantsi. Kwi-intanethi iyonke, ngumahluko phakathi kwesixeko esixineneyo kunye needolophu ezingenasiphelo.
Funda nzulu
- Intsha kwisihloko? Qala nge yintoni idilesi ye-IP ngokwenene.
- Ngaba ufuna amanani oqhagamshelwano lwakho? Jonga i-IP yakho ngoku.
- Kwisixhobo sokuzingela? 'Yabona indlela yokufumana idilesi yeIP kwi Windows, Mac, iPhone kunye Android.
IPv4 vs IPv6 imibuzo
Yeyiphi engcono, IPv4 okanye IPv6?
Kubasebenzisi, akukho nto "ikhawulezayo" ngayo nayiphi na indlela ebonakalayo. IPv6 yiprothokholi yobungqina bekamva enendawo yedilesi engasikelwanga mda kunye neendlela ezilula; IPv4 ihlala ikwindawo yonke kuba yonke inethiwekhi iyayixhasa. Ngokufanelekileyo uxhulumaniso lwakho luqhuba zombini.
Kutheni ndine-IPv4 kunye nedilesi ye-IPv6 ngexesha elinye?
Uninzi lweenethiwekhi zanamhlanje ziqhuba "i-dual stack": zombini iiprothokholi ziyasebenza ngaxeshanye. Yiyiphi esetyenziselwa iwebhusayithi enikiweyo ixhomekeke kwinto exhaswa yiloo sayithi. Iphepha lethu lasekhaya lichonga idilesi nganye yakho ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ngaba i-IPv6 yabucala ngakumbi kune-IPv4?
Akunjalo. Idilesi ye-IPv6 inokuqulatha isalathisi esizinzileyo esihlala kunye nesixhobo sakho, ethi ithiyori isenze silandeleke ngakumbi. Iisistim zokusebenza zangoku zisebenzisa ulwandiso lwabucala elwenza ngokungakhethiyo esi sichongi, ngoko ke xa kusenziwa i-IPv6 ithelekiseka ne-IPv4 yabucala.
Ngaba kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukutshintshela kwi-IPv6?
Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho. IPv6 ifika ngokuzenzekelayo nje ukuba i-ISP yakho iyenze kwaye umzila wakho uyayixhasa. Ukuba ibheji ye-IPv6 ivuliwe iphepha lethu lasekhaya ithi "Ayikabonwa", mhlawumbi i-ISP yakho ayikayiqengqeleki okanye i-router yakho iye yacinywa.