Yintoni idilesi ye-IP?
Sonke isixhobo esithetha ne-intanethi sidinga esinye - kodwa yintoni kanye kanye idilesi ye-IP, inokutyhila ntoni ngawe, kwaye kutheni ifowuni yakho inezimbini kuzo? Nantsi impendulo yesiNgesi ecacileyo.
Inkcazo elula
An Idilesi ye-IP (Idilesi yeProtokholi ye-Intanethi) yinombolo eyodwa eyabelwe isixhobo ngasinye esidityaniswe kuthungelwano sisebenzisa iprothokholi ye-intanethi. Yicinge njengedilesi yeposi yedatha: xa ucela iphepha lewebhu, umncedisi kufuneka azi kakuhle apho angayithumela khona - kwaye idilesi yakho ye-IP yileyibhile yendawo.
Idilesi ye-IPv4 eqhelekileyo ibonakala ngolu hlobo: 203.0.113.42. Idilesi ye-IPv6 ibonakala ngolu hlobo: 2606:4700:4700::1111. Bobabini benza umsebenzi ofanayo-chonga uqhagamshelo-ngenani elahlukileyo legumbi. Ungayibona eyakho idilesi yoluntu ngoku iphepha lethu lasekhaya; ibonakala ngoko nangoko iphepha lilayisha.
Isebenza njani idilesi ye-IP
Xa isixhobo sakho sithumela nantoni na kwi-intanethi - ukukhangela, ividiyo, i-imeyile - idatha inqunyulwa kwiipakethi ezincinci. Ipakethi nganye ineedilesi ezimbini kwisihloko sayo: IP yakho (idilesi yokubuyisela) kunye ne-IP yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Iirutha endleleni zifunda ezo mibhalo zingasentla kwaye udlulisele ipakethe nganye itsintsi enye kufutshane, ngendlela efanayo neyokuhlela iindlela zeofisi inobumba.
Ngenxa yokuba iipakethi ziphethe idilesi yakho yokubuyisela, impendulo - iphepha lewebhu, iifreyimu zevidiyo - iyayazi indlela yokubuyela kuwe. Akukho dilesi ye-IP, akukho kuhanjiswa.
Uluntu vs iidilesi ze-IP zabucala
Apha kulapho uninzi lokubhideka luqala khona: izixhobo zakho zinenyani iintlobo ezimbini yeedilesi ze-IP ngaxeshanye.
- Yabucala (yendawo) IP -Yabelwe yi-Wi-Fi router yakho kwisixhobo ngasinye ekhayeni lakho: rhoqo into enje 192.168.1.42 okanye 10.0.0.15. Ezi zikhona kuphela ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho. Izigidi zezindlu emhlabeni zisebenzisa iidilesi zabucala ezifanayo ngqo ngaphandle kongquzulwano.
- IP kawonkewonke — idilesi uMboneleli wakho weNkonzo ye-Intanethi (ISP) ayinika umzila wakho, omele umzi wakho uphela kwi-intanethi. Yonke iwebhusayithi oyindwendwelayo iyayibona le. Yintoni isixhobo sethu sokujonga i-IP imiboniso.
Uguqulelo phakathi kwezi zibini lwenzeka ngaphakathi kumzila wakho, kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-NAT (Inguqulelo yedilesi yeNethiwekhi). Yiyo loo nto ilaptop yakho, ifowuni kunye nomabonwakude zonke zikhangela phantsi kwedilesi ye-IP yoluntu.
Umgaqo okhawulezayo wobhontsi: iidilesi eziqala nge 192.168., 10. okanye 172.16.–172.31. zibucala. Nantoni na enye into oyibonayo kwiphepha lasekhaya yi-IP yakho yoluntu.
Yintoni etyhilwa yi-IP yakho ngawe
Nabani na obona idilesi yakho ye-IP unokufumanisa ngokurhabaxa:
- Indawo okuyo — ngokwesiqhelo isixeko okanye ummandla, ngamanye amaxesha nje indawo ye-ISP yakho. Zibonele nawe wethu Isixhobo sendawo ye-IP.
- I-ISP yakho kunye nombutho - inkampani ephethe idilesi (iComcast, iOrange, iVodafone, umboneleli wokubamba…).
- Isidima soqhagamshelwano lwakho - nokuba idilesi ivela ku-spam okanye kuluhlu lwabamnyama, okanye yeye-VPN okanye ummeli.
Yintoni na andinako veza: igama lakho, idilesi yesitrato sakho, indawo yakho yeGPS echanekileyo. Kuphela i-ISP yakho inokuqhagamshela i-IP kwi-akhawunti yomthengi, kwaye ikwenza oko kuphela xa ifunwa ngokusemthethweni. Jonga ukuba i-IP yakho iveza ntoni - iziphumo zihlala zibamangalisa abantu ngendlela abangacacanga ngayo.
Dynamic vs IPs ezimileyo
Uninzi lwabasebenzisi basekhaya bane IP eguqukayo: i-ISP ikuboleka idilesi okwethutyana (isivumelwano se-DHCP), emva koko uyitshintshe. Qalisa kwakhona irutha yakho kwaye unokubuya nedilesi eyahlukileyo. A IP engatshintshiyo aluze lutshintshe - amashishini azithengele ukubamba abancedisi, kwaye ezinye ii-ISPs zinikezela njengezongezo ezihlawulweyo. Ukuba uye waqaphela idilesi yakho itshintsha phakathi kotyelelo kule sayithi, leyo yingqeshiso eguquguqukayo emsebenzini.
Uyikhusela njani (okanye uyifihle) i-IP yakho
Awudingi ukuba ujonge i-IP yakho - lonke unxibelelwano lufuna enye. Kodwa ukuba awufuni ukwabelana ngayo:
- I-VPN (iNethiwekhi yaBucala ebonakalayo) -Ihambisa yonke itrafikhi yakho ngeseva kwenye indawo, ukuze iisayithi zibone i-IP yeVPN endaweni yeyakho. Olona khetho luthembekileyo.
- Abancedisi bommeli - efanayo, kodwa ihlala inqunyelwe kwisikhangeli sakho okanye kwi-app enye. Uninzi luyabonakala; ungaqinisekisa nayiphi na idilesi yethu Ummeli kunye ne-VPN Khangela.
- Tor - Isimahla kwaye ingaziwa kakhulu, kodwa icotha ngokubonakalayo.
- Ukuqalisa kwakhona umzila — ngee-IPs eziguquguqukayo, ukudibanisa ngokulula kunokukunika idilesi entsha (nangona i-ISP yakho igcina iirekhodi zidibanisa ezindala nezintsha).
Ngaba ungathanda ukwazi ukuba iwebhusayithi ifunda ntoni kutyelelo lwakho? Skrolela umva uye phezulu kwe iphepha lethu lasekhaya - ilizwe, isixeko kunye ne-ISP eboniswe apho ngumfanekiso opheleleyo.
Imibuzo yedilesi ye-IP, iphendulwe
Ngaba idilesi yam ye-IP iyayibonisa kanye idilesi yam yasekhaya?
Hayi. Idilesi ye-IP iqhele ukulandelelwa ukuya kwisixeko okanye ummandla kunye nomboneleli wakho we-intanethi, kodwa hayi kwisitalato okanye indlu yakho. Kuphela i-ISP yakho inokudibanisa i-IP kumthengi othile, kwaye yenza oko kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho.
Ngaba izixhobo ezibini zinedilesi ye-IP efanayo?
Kwi-intanethi kawonke-wonke, akukho - iidilesi kufuneka zodwa. Ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi yabucala, izixhobo ezininzi zabelana nge-IP kawonke wonke nge-NAT, ngelixa nganye inedilesi yayo yabucala njenge 192.168.1.x. Yiyo loo nto umzi wakho uphela uvela kwi-intanethi phantsi kwe-IP kawonke wonke.
Ngaba kufuneka ndifihle idilesi yam ye-IP?
Kukhangelo lwemihla ngemihla kuhlala kungekho mfuneko - iiwebhusayithi zifuna i-IP yakho ukuze ithumele idatha kuwe. Ukuba ufuna ukunqanda ukwenza iprofayile okanye ukufikelela kumxholo othintelweyo wengingqi, iVPN ithatha indawo yedilesi yewebhusayithi ebonwa ngenye eyahlukileyo.
Athetha ntoni amanani akwidilesi yeIP?
Idilesi ye-IPv4 efana 203.0.113.42 linani lamasuntswana angama-32 elibhalwe njengezine 0–255 amaxabiso abizwa ngokuba ziioctets. Inxalenye yokuqala ichonge uthungelwano, indawo yokugqibela ichonga isixhobo kuloo nethiwekhi - ngokufanayo nendlela ikhowudi yeposi kunye nenombolo yendlu esebenza ngayo kunye.