IPv4 vs IPv6: Uyini Umehluko?
Izinguqulo ezimbili zesistimu yokukhuluma ye-inthanethi zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela njengamanje. Nansi indlela yokuwahlukanisa ngokubuka nje — nokuthi kungani umhlaba uhamba kancane usuka komunye uye komunye.
Ebahlukanisa kancane nje
Indlela eshesha kakhulu yokuhlukanisa i-IPv4 ne-IPv6 ukuthi zibhalwa kanjani nje:
# IPv4 — izinombolo ezine, 0–255, zihlukaniswe amachashazi 192.168.1.1 203.0.113.42 # IPv6 — amaqembu ayisishiyagalombili e-hexadecimal, ahlukaniswe amakholoni 2606:4700:4700:0000:0000:0000:0000:1111 2606:4700:4700::1111 # the :: ifihla amaqembu angenalutho
Uma ubona amachashazi, i-IPv4. Uma ubona amakholoni nezinhlamvu kuhlanganiswe namadijithi, yi-IPv6. I-double colon (::) isifinyezo seqembu elilodwa noma amaningi anoziro, yingakho amakheli e-IPv6 omhlaba wangempela evame ukubukeka emfushane.
Kungani kukhona i-IPv6
I-IPv4 yaklanywa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 ngenkambu yamakheli angama-32-bit - mayelana 4.3 billion amakheli okungenzeka. Ngo-1980 lokho kwabonakala kungenakuphela; namuhla kunamadivayisi amaningi axhumeke ku-inthanethi kunabantu abasemhlabeni.
I-inthanethi yahlanganisa ukushoda amashumi eminyaka ngamaqhinga afana ne-NAT (imindeni yonke yabelana nge-IPv4 eyodwa yomphakathi) kanye ne-CGNAT (zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane zabelana eyodwa). Kepha ukuchibiyela kunemikhawulo, ngakho-ke ngo-1998 i-IETF yamisa i-IPv6: indawo yamakheli ayi-128-bit enikeza cishe 340 million (3.4 × 10³⁸) amakheli — anele ukunikeza yonke idivayisi emhlabeni izigidigidi zamakheli ayo.
Ukuqhathanisa eceleni
| Isici | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Ifomethi | 203.0.113.42 | 2606:4700::1111 |
| Usayizi | 32-bit | 128-bit |
| Indawo yekheli | ≈ 4.3 billion | ≈ 3.4 × 10³⁸ |
| Abahlukanisi | Amachashazi (.) | Amakholoni (:) |
| I-NAT iyadingeka | Yebo - amakheli ayivelakancane | Cha — yonke idivayisi ingaba nekheli lomphakathi |
| Ukucushwa | Imanuwali noma i-DHCP | Okuzenzakalelayo (SLAAC) noma i-DHCPv6 |
| Ukutholwa | Universal | ≈ 45%+ wabasebenzisi be-Google nokukhuphuka |
Iyiphi oyisebenzisayo?
Cishe kokubili. Amanethiwekhi esimanje ayasebenza isitaki esikabili — IPv4 ne-IPv6 ngokuhambisana — futhi idivayisi yakho ikhetha engcono kakhulu ngewebhusayithi ngayinye. Ikhasi lethu eliyisiqalo libonisa ngayinye ngokwehlukana: i IPv4 futhi IPv6 amabheji ngaphansi kwekheli lakho athi Kutholiwe lapho uxhumano lwakho lunaleyo phrothokholi, futhi Ayitholakali uma kungenjalo.
Vula howtofindtheip.com bese ubheka ama-chips okuxhumana. Uma i-IPv6 ithi "Ayitholakali", i-ISP yakho ayikayiniki amandla okwamanje (noma umzila wakho uvaliwe) — akukho okuphukile, futhi i-IPv4 iqhubeka isebenza kahle.
Ithiphu yokuhlola: ikheli eliboniswe likhulu phezulu kwekhasi yinoma iyiphi iphrothokholi isiphequluli sakho esincamelayo kuleso sicelo. Uma iqukethe amakholoni, usifinyelele nge-IPv6 — uxhumano olusebenzayo lwe-IPv6 lusebenza.
Ishintsha kanjani
Ukwamukelwa kwe-IPv6 kudlule u-45% wesisekelo sabasebenzisi be-Google futhi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula minyaka yonke. I-India, i-US, i-France neJalimane idlule kakhulu ku-50%; abathwali beselula ikakhulukazi bayamukele. Ukushintshwa okugcwele kwe-IPv4 kuzothatha iminyaka eyengeziwe, ngoba lezi zimiso ezimbili azihambisani ngokuqondile - yingakho isitaki esikabili, nobuchwepheshe bokuhumusha besikhathi esingesihle phakathi kwesikhathi.
Kuwe njengomsebenzisi, uguquko alubonakali: i-inthanethi efanayo, amasayithi afanayo, amakheli amancane nje ngaphansi. Ku-inthanethi iyonke, umehluko phakathi kwedolobha eligcwele abantu kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingapheli.
Funda kabanzi
- Umusha esihlokweni? Qala ngokuthi ukuthi liyini ikheli le-IP ngempela.
- Ufuna izinombolo zoxhumano lwakho? Hlola i-IP yakho manje.
- Ekuzingeleni idivayisi? Bheka ungalithola kanjani ikheli le-IP ku-Windows, Mac, iPhone ne-Android.
Imibuzo ye-IPv4 vs IPv6
Yikuphi okungcono, IPv4 noma IPv6?
Kubasebenzisi, akukho "okusheshayo" nganoma iyiphi indlela ebonakalayo. I-IPv6 iphrothokholi yobufakazi besikhathi esizayo enesikhala sekheli cishe esingenamkhawulo kanye nemizila elula; I-IPv4 ihlala ikhona yonke indawo ngoba wonke amanethiwekhi ayayisekela. Ngokufanelekile uxhumano lwakho lusebenza kokubili.
Kungani nginekheli le-IPv4 kanye ne-IPv6 ngesikhathi esisodwa?
Amanethiwekhi amaningi esimanje asebenzisa "i-dual stack": womabili amaphrothokholi asebenza kanyekanye. Iyiphi esetshenziselwa iwebhusayithi enikeziwe incike ekutheni leyo sayithi isekela ini. Ikhasi lethu eliyisiqalo lithola ikheli lakho ngalinye ngokwehlukana.
Ingabe i-IPv6 iyimfihlo kune-IPv4?
Akunjalo. Ikheli le-IPv6 lingaqukatha isihlonzi esibonakalayo esizinzile esihlala nedivayisi yakho, lokho ngokombono eyenza ilandeleke kalula. Amasistimu wokusebenza wesimanje asebenzisa izandiso zobumfihlo ezenza lesi sihlonzi ngokungahleliwe, ngakho-ke ekusebenzeni i-IPv6 icishe iqhathaniswe ne-IPv4 ngobumfihlo.
Ingabe ngidinga ukwenza noma yini ukuze ngishintshele ku-IPv6?
Ngokuvamile akukho. I-IPv6 ifika ngokuzenzakalelayo uma i-ISP yakho isiyivumela futhi umzila wakho uyisekela. Uma ibheji ye-IPv6 ivuliwe ikhasi lethu eliyisiqalo ithi "Ayitholakali", kungenzeka ukuthi i-ISP yakho ayikayikhiqizi noma irutha yakho isikhutshaziwe.